Bio Unit 1 Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the characteristics of Saturated fatty acids
-No double carbon bonds
- Solid at Room Temperature
-Can synthesize in the human body
- Predominantly in animals
What are the characteristics of Unsaturated fatty acids
-1+ carbon bonds (double carbon bonds)
-Liquid at room temperature
-Cannot be synthesized in the body
- Found in vegetable oil
What are the functions of Phospholipids
A barrier to protect the cell against external factors. Head is polar(hydrophilic) Tail is non-polar (hydrophobic) Non-polar can pass through easily whereas polar must pass through channels
What are the functions of cholesterol
Aids in making vitamins, increases fluidity, makes membrane thicker and softer
What are the functions of Channel proteins
Transports the ions and water molecules through the membrane that cannot pass through the phospholipid bilayer due to it’s charge.
What is the function of a triglyceride
Found in your body
-Insulates Body
-Stores energy
-Protects organs
-Builds cell membrane
What are the groups found in proteins
Amino (ami), Carboxyl, H2O production
What is a strand of protein called
Poly peptide bond
If the polypeptide were to have 100 amino acids how much water would there be
99
What is a polypeptide bond?
Primary structure of protein
Where can we find Alpha helix structures?
Hair, Nails, Collagen
What is responsible for maintaining the structure of a tertiary structure of a protein?
intermolecular bonds
-LDF’s Bonds
-Hydrogen Bonds
-positively and negatively charged ions
Describe the functions of enzymes (biological catalysts) using the induced fit model, catalyze as your example.
The catalysts are used in chemical reactions because they aid in reaching the activation level. They are helpful in reactions because they help the reaction without being used up
The importance of tertiary structure (shape)
The tertiary shape is important because the substrate must fit into the enzyme in a certain way to ensure the product can be formed.
Competitive inhibition
Competitive inhibition involves an inhibitor competing with the substrate for the enzyme’s active site, slowing down the reaction but allowing high substrate concentrations to overcome the inhibition
Allosteric inhibition
allosteric inhibition occurs when the inhibitor binds to a different site on the enzyme, altering its shape and reducing its effectiveness, regardless of substrate concentration.
Identify the components of all nucleotides
Sugar, Phosphate group, Nitrogenous base
Differences between DNA and RNA
Structure, Sugars, Location in body, function
Role of Histones on the organization of DNA in a chromosome
DNA packing: Histones help coil and fold the DNA into a compact structure.
What is ATP
the energy currency of cells. It stores and provides energy for many processes in our body, such as muscle movement, nerve transmission, and cellular activities.
What is Adenine
Adenine is one of the four building blocks of DNA. It’s a nucleotide. It pairs with another molecule called thymine (T) to help form the structure of DNA
Why is replication called “semi-conservation”
Because each new DNA molecule is made of one original strand and one new strand.That way we can ensure the DNA is replicated correctly
What does Helicase do in DNA replication
Breaks the Hydrogen bonds “unzipping” the double helix
What does the Polymerase do in DNA replication
Builds a new DNA strand
