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Biology > Bio1-10 > Flashcards

Bio1-10 Flashcards

Study for 10-week exam

1
Q

Anatomy and Physiology.

A

The human body and how it functions.

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2
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cells.

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3
Q

.Genetics

A

The study of genes and heredity.

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4
Q

Microbiology

A

The study of microscopic organisms.

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5
Q

Biology

A

The study of life.

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6
Q

Botany

A

The study of plants.

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7
Q

Ecology

A

The study of how organisms relate to one another.

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8
Q

Zoology

A

The study of animals.

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9
Q

What is the polarity of water?

A

Each water molecule has a positive charge on one side and a negative charge on the other.

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10
Q

Why is water the universal solvent?

A

many substances can dissolve into water because of its weak magnetic bond.

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11
Q

Why do we use the scientific method?

A

We use the scientific method in Biology to answer questions about living things.

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12
Q

Bias

A

To favor one point of view over another.

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13
Q

Spontaneous generation

A

the mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources.

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14
Q

Biogenisis

A

The production of living organisms from other living organisms.

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15
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20 different amino acids.

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16
Q

Atoms.

A

The building blocks of life.

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17
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  1. Compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
    2 Gives energy to living cells.
  2. Provides structure to things like plants, fungi, and insects.
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18
Q

What are the building blocks of life?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

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19
Q

Carbon

A

1) An essential element for life.
2) Has 6 protons and 6 neutrons meaning its outer shell has 4 electrons.

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20
Q

Cell

A

The smallest living organism, the building blocks of life.

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21
Q

Chemistry

A

The study of matter.

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22
Q

Cholesterol

A

What cell membranes are made up of.

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23
Q

Covalent bond

A

The force between 2 or more atoms sharing electrons in their valence shell.

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24
Q

Atoms are made up of…

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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25
Q

Electron shells

A

The areas in an atom where an electron exist, orbiting the nucleus.

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26
Q

Valence shell

A

The outermost electron shell in an atom.

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27
Q

Valence electrons

A

The electrons in the valence shell.

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28
Q

Octet Rule

A

Most elements are most stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell.

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29
Q

Ion

A

An atom with a positive and negative charge.

30
Q

Ionic bond

A

The force connecting a positive charged atom with a negatively charged one.

31
Q

Polor bonding

A

The force between new elements in a color molecule.

32
Q

Non-polor bonding

A

When the electrons are evenly distributed among the atoms in a molecule.

33
Q

Chemical reaction

A

When atoms come together to make a molecule, or when a molecule breaks up separate atoms.

34
Q

Reactants

A

The atoms that come together to form a molecule in a chemical reaction.

35
Q

Product

A

The molecule that results from reactants coming together.

36
Q

The first law of thermodynamics states that…

A

Matter cannot be created or destroyed.

37
Q

The second law of thermodynamics states that…

A

Given enough time, everything wears out and falls apart.(Entropy)

38
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

A study of the common elements that make up living things
and the chemical compounds produced by living things.

39
Q

Nucleus

A

The center of an atom comprised of protons and neutrons.

40
Q

What are nucleic acids made of?

A

nucleotides, which form DNA and RNA:the code of a cell.

41
Q

Where are nucleic acids found?

A

In the nucleus of a cell.

42
Q

Enzyme

A

A type of protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction.

43
Q

What are proteins and what do they do?

A

50 or more amino acids linked together.
1) Proteins form the structure of tissues and organs.
2) Proteins carry out chemical reactions in the body.
3) Proteins act as chemical messengers.

44
Q

Fatty acids

A

A long carbon with hydrogen atoms bonded with the chain.

45
Q

How are lipids used?

A

For energy, insulating cells, and protecting cells.

46
Q

Steroids

A

Are made of 4 carbon wings with a tail and are chemical messengers.

47
Q

Element

A

Pure substance that consists of entirely one atom

48
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

49
Q

Active transport

A

Using energy to move molecules from a lower to a higher concentration.

50
Q

Autotroph

A

Producers that make their own food.

51
Q

Calvin cycle

A

The process by which plants produce glucose for food.

51
Q

Chlorophyll

A

A green pigment responsible for absorbing light,
found in clusters in the thylakoid membrane.

52
Q

Consumers

A

Organisms that depend on other organisms for their food.

53
Q

Grana

A

Stacks of thylakoids.

54
Q

Heterotroph

A

Consumers: Organisms which depend on other organisms for food.

55
Q

Light-dependent phase

A

The first phase of photosynthesis; the process by which
plants convert energy from sunlight into ATP.

56
Q

Producers

A

Organisms that produce their own food.

57
Q

Stroma

A

A fluid-filled area around the grana.

58
Q

Thylakoid

A

Specialized disks in the chloroplasts.

59
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

When cells use glucose and oxygen to produce energy.

60
Q

Alcoholic fermentation

A

a) Occurs in plants and fungi
b) Pyruvate from glycolysis goes through a chemical process
that produces alcohol and carbon dioxide.

61
Q

Anaerobic cellular respiration

A

Producing energy without using oxygen.

62
Q
A
63
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64
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65
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66
Q
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67
Q
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68
Q
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69
Q
A

Biology (4 decks)

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