Bio2-Flashcards

Question 1

Archaebacteria

Answer 1

Ancient bacteria; One of the two kingdoms of kingdom Monera.

Question 2

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 2

“two names”; Organisms are named based on their genus and species.

Question 3

Carl Linnaeus

Answer 3

The father of modern taxonomy; proposed a system in 1758
for classifying living things, which we still build on today.

Question 4

Eubacteria

Answer 4

A kingdom that contains all procaryotes except archaebacteria.

Question 5

Fungi

Answer 5

One of the kingdoms, includes mushrooms, yeasts and certain types of mold.

Question 6

Kingdom

Answer 6

The first and largest category to classify organisms.

Question 7

Levels of Taxonomy

Answer 7

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Genus, Species.

Question 8

Monera

Answer 8

Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms made up of various kinds of bacteria.

Question 9

Protista

Answer 9

Any microscopic organism not part of kingdom bacteria,
fungi, plant, or animal is part of the Protista kingdom.

Question 10

Speciation

Answer 10

The formation of new and distinct species in the course
of evolution, according to the Evolutionary Theory.

Question 11

Species

Answer 11

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 12

Taxonomy

Answer 12

The discipline of naming and classifying organisms.

Question 13

Unicellular

Answer 13

Made of a single cell.

Question 14

Who was Aristotle?

Answer 14

He was the most well-known man among the ancients
who attempted to classify living creatures.

Question 15

Whats the difference between a millipede and a centipede?

Answer 15

Millipedes have two pairs of legs, while Centipedes have only one pair of legs.

Question 16

The definition of species:

Answer 16

A group of organisms that resembles each other in shape and size and can potentially interbreed naturally.

Question 17

Homologous structures

Answer 17

Homologous structures are anatomical features that inherit the basic structure from common ancestors.

Question 18

Antibiotics

Answer 18

Compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Question 19

Binary fission

Answer 19

A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form identical cells.

Question 20

Capsid

Answer 20

protein shell

Question 21

Capsule

Answer 21

outside cell wall; keeps the cell from drying out.

Question 22

chemosynthetic bacteria

Answer 22

bacteria which are autotrophs which don’t use the sun, but instead use chemicals within their environment to produce energy

Question 23

Plasmids

Answer 23

Smaller hoops of extra DNA some bacteria have that give them special characteristics.

Question 24

Decomposers

Answer 24

Many bacteria are decomposers or organisms that
break down the dead remains of other organisms.

Question 25

Flagella

Answer 25

Long thread like structures that help bacteria move.

Question 26

Host cell

Answer 26

Living cell in which a virus replicates.

Question 27

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 27

A viral reproductive cycle in which the viral DNA is added to the host cell DNA and is copied along with the host cells DNA.

Question 28

Lytic cell

Answer 28

A viral reproductive cycle in which copies of a virus are within the host of a cell, which then bursts open, releasing new viruses.

Question 29

Pilus

Answer 29

Hollow projections that help bacteria stick to surfaces.

Question 30

Prokaryotes

Answer 30

Bacteria that have no membrane bound organelles or nucleus inside their cell.

Question 31

Vaccine/Vaccination

Answer 31

Substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens introduced into the body to produce immunity.

Question 32

Virulence

Answer 32

The ability of a virus to infect a cell.

Question 33

Algae

Answer 33

Plant-like Protists.

Question 34

Amoeba

Answer 34

A type of protist characterized by flexibility and the presence of pseudopia ("false feet").

Question 35

Bioluminescent

Answer 35

Able to emit light.

Question 36

Bladders

Answer 36

Air-filled structures that help float to the surface.

Question 37

Blades

Answer 37

Main sight of photosynthesis.

Question 37

Blight

Answer 37

A disease that causes plant death.

Question 38

Budding

Answer 38

Occurs when a single-celled pinches off part of its cell to creates a new cell.

Question 38

Colonial Organisms

Answer 38

A collection of similar cells living together.

Question 39

Angiosperms

Answer 39

flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit.

Question 40

Antheridia

Answer 40

produces sperm.

Question 41

Archegonia

Answer 41

produces ovum.

Question 42

Botany

Answer 42

study of plants

Question 43

Conifers

Answer 43

Cone-bearing plants.

Question 44

Cotyledon

Answer 44

First leaf or first pairs of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant.

Question 45

Dicots

Answer 45

two cotyledons.

Question 46

Ferns

Answer 46

seedless vascular plants.

Question 47

Flowering plants

Answer 47

This group contains of true vascular plants that produces flower and pollen.

Question 48

Fronds

Answer 48

leaves of ferns

Question 49

Annual

Answer 49

Plants that die every year.

Question 49

Apical bud

Answer 49

Bud located at the tip of the stem.

Question 50

Apical meristem

Answer 50

Tip of the shoot containing growing tissues

Question 51

Biennial

Answer 51

Plants that survives 2 growing cycles before dying.

Question 52

Blade

Answer 52

Thin, flat section of a leaf that collects sunlight.

Question 53

Bud scales

Answer 53

Scales that protect dormant buds through winter months.

Question 54

Compound leaf

Answer 54

several blades per petiole. (leaflets)

Question 55

Cork cambien

Answer 55

Layer that's continually producing new cork cells.

Question 56

Cortex

Answer 56

The layer where the food is stored in the stem and where phloem is contained.

Question 57

Abscisic acid

Answer 57

Promotes seed dormancy and causes buds to produce scales.

Question 58

Anther

Answer 58

Contains the male gamete; produces pollen.

Question 59

Auxins

Answer 59

Promote stem elongation and repress lateral bud growth.

Question 60

Chemotropism

Answer 60

plant response to chemicals.

Question 61

Complete flowers

Answer 61

Both have male and female parts.

Question 62

Cross-polination

Answer 62

occurs when pollen is transferred to one pollen to another, creating greater diversity.

Question 63

Cytokinesis

Answer 63

promote lateral bud growth.

Question 64

Double-fertilization

Answer 64

a fertilization process that requires 2 sperm to fuse with 2 other cells.

Question 65

Endosperm

Answer 65

provides food for the embryonic plant.

Question 66

Ethylene

Answer 66

Stimulates food ripening.

Question 67

Filament

Answer 67

Long thread-like stalk.