bio4 AAAAAAAAAA Flashcards
describe the first line of defense
physical and chemical barriers
give examples of the first line of defence
skin, tears, mucus, cilia
describe the second line of defence
inflammation
give examples of the second line of defence
fever, swelling, redness, histamine, macrophages
describe the 3rd line of defence
specific response by B and T cells to kill a specific pathogen
what’s the difference between B and T cells?
b cells produce antibodies, t cells destroy on contact by dissolving holes
which lines of defence are non-specific/innate? how about specific/acquired
innate: 1 and 2, acquired: 3
what’s the difference between passive and active immunity?
active: immune system triggered by illness or vaccine, passive: receiving pre-made antibodies
how does a vaccine work?
triggers immune response by exposing the individual to a weakened form of an antigen. The immune system then creates memory cells that will respond fast on the second contact with the disease.
what parts is the central nervous system made from? What does it do?
brain & spinal cord, recieves info from peripheral nervous system and directs a response.
what is the peripheral nervous system? What does it do?
nerves extending out of the CNS, sends message to CNS and brings the response to the effector.
list the function of the 8 main sections of the brain:
- cerebrum
- cerebellum
- medulla oblongata
- hypothalamus
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- temporal lobe
- occipital lobe
higher thought/reasoning muscle coordination + balance breathing + heart rate temp control + glucoregulation logic, decisions, personality language, touch hearing, smell vision
what are the 6 parts of the neuron? What do they do?
dendrite- collect signal cell body- connect dendrite and axon nucleus- control axon- move signal myelin sheath- speed up signal axon ending- send signal to next neuron
what two chemicals are used in nervous impulses?
sodium and potassium
at rest, which chemical is inside and outside the neuron?
sodium outside, potassium inside
