test 1: chemistry

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Anything with both mass and volume.

Question 2

what is the Law Of Conservation Of Mass?

Answer 2

in a chemical reaction, the mass of all the products is exactly equal to the mass of all the reactants.

Question 3

Define and give examples of physical properties

Answer 3

properties that are observable using the senses, including colour, density, malleability, boiling/melting points

Question 4

define and give examples of chemical properties

Answer 4

Observed by chemical testing:

• reactivity, especially with acids
• flammability

Question 5

describe a bohr model

Answer 5

literally check your notes, i aint typing a bohr model

Question 6

describe a louis dot diagram

Answer 6

chemical symbol in middle, valence electrons drawn as dots around the outside

Question 7

name the elements who’s pure gas form can only exist as a molecule of two of the element (X2, Y2, etc)

Answer 7

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine, these are called diatomic molecules, but are still considered elements.

Question 8

what is the Periodic Law?

Answer 8

If elements are arranged according to their atomic mass, a pattern can be seen where similar characteristics occur regularly

Question 9

what are periods and rows?

Answer 9

period = column, row = row

Question 10

Define an ionic bond.

Answer 10

an ionic bond is when valence electrons are transferred from a metal to a non-metal. It is less of a bond and more of a weak attraction.

Question 11

what happens to the charge of each element in an ionic bond?

Answer 11

metals lose electrons and become positive ions, while non-metals gain those electrons and become negative ions. This is because electrons are negatively charged.

Question 12

what do you call the product of an ionic bond?

Answer 12

a binary ionic compound.

Question 13

how do we name binary ionic compounds?

Answer 13

(metal name) + (stem name of non-metal + “ide”)

Question 14

What is the stock system?

Answer 14

using roman numerals to show the charge of a transition metal (because they can have different ones)

Question 15

BONUS: name an element that cannot form ionic bonds

Answer 15

carbon

Question 16

what is a covalent bond?

Answer 16

A bond where two non-metals share valence electrons.

Question 17

Name the chemical formulas of methane, ammonia, and water.

Answer 17

CH4, NH3, H20

Question 18

name the 4 differences between covalent and ionic bonds.

Answer 18

ionic:

• 2 atoms attracting
• weak
• transfer electrons
• metal & non metal

Question 19

name the 3 differences between covalent and ionic bonds.

Answer 19

ionic:

• 2 atoms attracting
• weak
• transfer electrons
• metal & nonmetal

covalent:

• 2 atoms sharing electrons
• strong
• 2 nonmetals

Question 20

what is a diatomic molecule?

Answer 20

two atoms of the same element (HOFBrINCl) forming a covalent bond.

Question 21

how do we name covalent compounds?

Answer 21

(prefix + name of first nonmetal) + (prefix + stem name of second nonmetal + “ide”)

ex. Dihydrogen Pentafluoride

Question 22

how do we name covalent compounds?

Answer 22

(prefix + name of first nonmetal) + (prefix + stem name of second nonmetal + “ide”)

ex. Dihydrogen Pentafluoride

Question 23

how do we know what naming rules to use?

Answer 23

covalent bonds use the prefixes AND “ide”

ionic bonds use just “ide”, unless there’s a transition metal, in which case we use both “ide” and the stock system.

Question 24

how do we balance a chemical equation?

Answer 24

add coefficients in front of the compounds so that there are the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation.
ex. H2 + O2 = H2O is not true, but 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O is true.

Question 25

what’s the difference between a coefficient and a subscript?

Answer 25

coefficients multiply the whole molecule, and subscripts show the number of a specific atom in the molecule.

Question 26

name each type of reaction.

Answer 26

single replacement: AB + C = AC + B
double replacement: AB + CD = AC + BD
synthesis: A + B = AB
decomposition: AB = A + B
combustion: makes CO2 and H2O
neutralization: makes H2O and a salt

Question 27

name 5 characteristics of an acid

Answer 27

• sour tasting
• turns litmus paper red
• below 7pH
• reactive with metals
• cancels the properties of a base
• formula starts with hydrogen
• doesnt change the colour of phenolptahlein
• extremely corrosive

Question 28

name 5 characteristics of a base

Answer 28

• bitter tasting
• turns litmus paper blue
• above 7pH
• slippery
• cancels the properties of an acid
• formula includes hydroxide (OH)
• turns phenolphtahlein pink
• extremely corrosive

Question 29

what is a neutralization reaction?

Answer 29

when an acid and a base combine, they cancel the properties of one another. This leaves behind water and a salt from whatever’s left when we take away the atoms to make water.