BioC exam 3 study guide

Question 1

name of range for a drug that lies between TD50 and LD50

Answer 1

toxicity range

Question 2

name of range for a drug that lies between ED50 and TD50

Answer 2

therapeutic range

Question 3

name of range for a drug that lies between 0 and ED50

Answer 3

no effect

Question 4

what is ED50

Answer 4

median effective dose - dose with therapeutic effect in 50% patients

Question 5

what is TD50

Answer 5

median toxic dose - dose that causes toxicity in 50% patients

Question 6

what is LD50

Answer 6

median lethal dose - dose that causes toxicity in 50% patients

Question 7

isolated system

Answer 7

exchanges no heat or mass
with surroundings (ex: bomb calorimeter)

Question 8

steady state system

Answer 8

properties of system (temperature, pressure, composition, mass)
are constant with respect to time (accumulation = 0)

Question 9

unsteady state system

Answer 9

one (or more) of properties (temperature, pressure, composition, mass) varies with time

Question 10

recycling increases ____ and reduces _____

Answer 10

yield & cost

Question 11

half life of 0th order reaction

Answer 11

[Ca]0/2k

Question 12

half life of 1st order reaction

Answer 12

ln(2)/k or 0.693/k (*not a function of [Ca]0)

Question 13

half life of 2nd order reaction

Answer 13

1/(k*[Ca]0)

Question 14

true or false: rate of disappearance of reactant A due to chemical reaction is dependent on the rate of the chemical reaction

Answer 14

true

Question 15

dm/dt

Answer 15

accumulation rate

Question 16

law of conservation of mass

Answer 16

mass in – mass out = mass accumulation

Question 17

water mass balance

Answer 17

(mass water air in + mass water food in + mass water fluids in) - (mass water air out + mass water sweat out + mass water urine out + mass water feces out) = dm/dt

^works the same way for oxygen mass balance

Question 18

ideal gas law

Answer 18

PV=nRT

Question 19

reacting system

Answer 19

involves chemical transformation

Question 20

non-reacting system

Answer 20

-involves no chemical transformation, therefore chemical composition does not change

-conservation of mass principle applies
to each individual chemical species in the system

Question 21

function of liver

Answer 21

-store and/or metabolize what’s
absorbed in gut (e.g. glycogen, fat)

-clear toxins produced by normal
metabolism (e.g. ammonia ->
urea)

Question 22

liver microanatomy

Answer 22

lobule (~1 mm)
-metabolites exchange between blood and liver cells (hepatocytes)

Question 23

extent of reaction

Answer 23

def: measures how far a reaction has proceeded
formula: ni produced/vi = -ni reacted/vi
(vi = stoichiometric coefficient)

Question 24

percent excess formula

Answer 24

non-reacted/reacted = (initial-reacted)/reacted x 100

Question 25

if system is non-homogeneous...

Answer 25

can break it into several subsystems

Question 26

number of unknowns =

Answer 26

= number of independent equations

Question 27

rate for two reactions

Answer 27

RA= k[A]^m[B]^n

Question 28

0th order reaction graph

Answer 28

concentration decreases linearly with time so the graph is a straight line starting from some y and decreasing

Question 29

1st order reaction graph

Answer 29

reaction is faster at start because concentration of A is high & reaction slows as reactant A is consumed so the graph is an decreasing exponential

Question 30

fractional conversion

Answer 30

n reacted / n initial (n reacted = n final - n initial)

Question 31

pharmacokinetics

Answer 31

-model absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion of drugs -goal is to determine drug concentration in plasma, target tissues, dose, route, and schedule admin

Question 32

single-compartment system:

Answer 32

if there is very rapid transport between plasma, tissue, kidney and liver, we can lump them into one “body” compartment

Question 33

two-compartment system:

Answer 33

here we assume body can be represented as plasma and tissue

Question 34

enteral route of administration

Answer 34

-oral -sublingual – bypass portal -rectal – bypass portal

Question 35

parenteral route of administration

Answer 35

-intravenous (IV) -intramuscular (IM) -subcutaneous -topical/transdermal -inhalation -ocular

Question 36

transport route of administration

Answer 36

-diffusion -facilitated -pH effects -Blood flow -surface area -contact time

Question 37

bolus injection

Answer 37

-gets instantly diluted in the body -injection ---> elimination -first order kinetics

Question 38

bolus injection graph:

Answer 38

exponential decline (first graph)

Question 39

oral delivery:

Answer 39

goes through a peak (middle graph)

Question 40

constant infusion:

Answer 40

reaches constant level (last graph, becomes a straight line)