Biochem

Question 1

oxidoreductase

Answer 1

catalyze redox reactions, usually involving a cofactor- includes dehydrogenases and reductases

Question 2

transferase

Answer 2

catalyze movement of functional groups- includes kinases

Question 3

hydrolase

Answer 3

catalyze the breaking of a compound using water- including phosphatases, peptidases, nucleases, and lipases

Question 4

lyase

Answer 4

cleave of a molecule into two products- includes synthases

Question 5

isomerase

Answer 5

catalyze rearrangement of bonds

Question 6

ligase

Answer 6

catalyze synthesis or addition reactions

Question 7

apoenzymes

Answer 7

enzymes without their cofactors

Question 8

holoenzymes

Answer 8

enzymes that contain their cofactors

Question 9

caherins

Answer 9

mediate calcium-dependent cell adhesion

Question 10

integrins

Answer 10

alpha and beta chains that bind to and communicate with the extracellular matrix- important for WBC migration

Question 11

selectins

Answer 11

bind to carbohydrates on the outside of cells- important for immune functions

Question 12

antibodies

Answer 12

immunoglobulins

4 total chains (heavy and light) produced by B cells to neutralize antigens

Question 13

3 functions of antibodies

Answer 13

neutralization of antigens
opsonization
agglutination

Question 14

opsonization

Answer 14

marking the antigen for destruction

Question 15

agglutination

Answer 15

aggregation of the antibody and antigen to mark it for phagocytosis

Question 16

membrane-spanning domain

Answer 16

anchors receptor in membrane

Question 17

ligand-binding domain

Answer 17

binds ligand and stimulates a conformational change that activates the catalytic domain

Question 18

Gs

Answer 18

stimulates adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP

Question 19

Gi

Answer 19

inhibits adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP

Question 20

Gq

Answer 20

activates phospholipase C to form PIP2, which is cleaved into DAG and IP3 to increase calcium

Question 21

alpha subunit of G protein

Answer 21

binds GDP then dissociates and alters activity of adenylate cyclase

Question 22

electrophoresis

Answer 22

separates compounds according to size and net charge

Question 23

polyacrylamide gel

Answer 23

used for electrophoresis and allows smaller molecules to pass through easily

Question 24

native PAGE

Answer 24

used to compare molecular size or charge

Question 25

SDS-PAGE

Answer 25

separates proteins based only on molecular mass by breaking up proteins and making them all negatively charged

Question 26

isoelectric focusing

Answer 26

separates proteins on the basis of PI

Question 27

isoelectric focusing anode v. cathode

Answer 27

anode is positively charged and acidic | cathode is negatively charged and basic

Question 28

chromatography

Answer 28

can separate molecules given any characteristics of the medium (e.g. polarity, charge, etc.)

Question 29

column chromatography

Answer 29

separates molecules based on size and polarity

Question 30

x-ray crystallography

Answer 30

measures electron density in specific regions

Question 31

edman degradation

Answer 31

cleaves amino acids containing 50-70 proteins

Question 32

spectroscopy

Answer 32

measures concentration

Question 33

bradford protein assay

Answer 33

a type of spectroscopy using the coomassie blue dye