Biochem a1 Anti-Trypsin

Question 1

enzymes that cut peptide bonds

Answer 1

Proteases

Question 2

Serine proteases have a serine residue as part of their

Answer 2

active site

catalytic triad

Question 3

serine protease ex

Answer 3

Elastase

Question 4

What released elastase ?

Answer 4

neutrophils

Question 5

Action of elastase?

Answer 5

inflammation reactions

Question 6

Elastase hydrolyses the peptide bond ——amino acids with————, such as——

Answer 6

after

aliphatic side chains

Ala, Gly or Val

Question 7

How does elastase differ from trypsin

and chymotrypsin?

Answer 7

They are all serine proteases with different specificity in their cutting

Question 8

Elastin primarily made up of these amino acids

Answer 8

Ala, Gly or Val

Question 9

Chymotrypsin specificity in their cutting

Answer 9

Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine [aromatic]

Question 10

Trypsin specificity in their cutting

Answer 10

Arginine, Lysine [positively charged]

Question 11

Elastase specificity in their cutting

Answer 11

R = Alanine, Glycine, Valine [aliphatic

Question 12

elastase (beneficial for—— immunity)

Answer 12

innate

Question 13

What

are the major effects of elastase activity?

Answer 13

• Inflammatory reactions lead to release of

elastase

Question 14

elastase Enzyme in the lung

Answer 14

destroys bacteria and

cellular debris

Question 15

Without the inhibition of neutrophil elastase,

Answer 15

the enzyme destroys tissue surrounding the

alveoli à Emphysema

Question 16

Excess elastase activity is controlled by the

Answer 16

protease inhibitor AAT (α 1

-antitrypsin

Question 17

AAT protein is a

Answer 17

serpin’ (Serine Protease Inhibitor

Question 18

AAT is produced in

Answer 18

liver

Question 19

AAT protects the lungs from the

Answer 19

neutrophil elastase

Question 20

Normal blood levels of AAT are

Answer 20

1.5 - 3.5 g/L.

Question 21

reactive center of the AAT molecule, a

Answer 21

methionine amino acid side chain

Question 22

AAT deficiency causes

Answer 22

Emphysema

Question 23

M olecular basis of AAT deficiency:

Answer 23

• Genetic defects that prevent AAT synthesis

* Mutations that change AAT protein structure,

Question 24

Mutations that change AAT protein structure,

Answer 24

Z AAT): Z AAT polymerizes

Question 25

Alpha-1-Antitrypsin

deficiency leads to

Answer 25

Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease
( COPD)