Biochem Basics

Question 0

Any substance that resists a change in pH when protons are produced or consumed

Answer 0

Buffer

Question 1

Negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration

Answer 1

pH

Question 2

Chemical compound that has total net charge of zero

Answer 2

Zwitterion

Question 3

pH at which the zwitterion is the predominant form of the chemical compound

Answer 3

Isoelectric pH

(pK before + pK after) / 2

Question 4

Bond between a water molecule and another polar compound

Answer 4

Hydrogen bond

Question 5

Bond between glucose and galactose in lactose

Answer 5

Glycosidic bond

Question 6

Primary bond of glucosyl residues in glycogen

Answer 6

Alpha (1->4) glycosidic bind

Question 7

Branching bond of glucosyl residues in glycogen

Answer 7

Alpha (1->6) glycosidic bond

Question 8

Bond between glycerol and its fatty acid

Answer 8

Ester bonds

Dissolved by lipase

Question 9

Bond between serine and alanine in a protein

Answer 9

Peptide bond

• it’s a partial double bond

Question 10

Bond between two cysteine residues in cystine

Answer 10

Disulfide bond

• also bond in immunoglobulins

Question 11

Bond between ribose and adenine in adenosine monophosphate

Answer 11

Beta N glycosidic bond

Question 12

Bond between nucleotides on a DNA strand

Answer 12

Phosphodiester bond

-dissolved by phosphodiesterase

Question 13

Bond between C-G and A-T

Answer 13

A-T. 2 hydrogen bonds

C-T. 3 hydrogen bonds

Question 14

Equation used to calculate the concentration of a weak acid and its conjugate base

Answer 14

Henderson hasselbach equation

Question 15

Equation describes how reaction velocity varies with substrate concentration

Answer 15

Michaelis-Menten

Question 16

This is a double reciprocal plot used to calculate Km and Vmax, as well as to determine the mechanism of action of enzyme inhibitors

Answer 16

Lineweaver Burke plot

Question 17

Explains how the free energy generated by the transport electrons through the ETC is used produce ATP from ADP+Pi

Answer 17

Mitchell Chemiosmosmotic Hypothesis

Explains oxidative phosphorylation

Question 18

Accepts H+

Answer 18

Base

Question 19

Donates protons

Answer 19

Acid

Question 20

pKa below 7

Answer 20

Acid

Question 21

pKa above 7

Answer 21

Base

Question 22

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid?

Glycogen

Answer 22

Carbohydrate

Question 23

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid?

cAMP

Answer 23

Nucleic acid

Question 24

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid? Collagen

Answer 24

Protein

Question 25

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid? Palmitate

Answer 25

Lipid

Question 26

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid? Inosine Monophosphate

Answer 26

Nucleic acid - it's the parent protein

Question 27

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid? Sorbitol from glucose reduction

Answer 27

Carbohydrate

Question 28

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid? Vitamin A

Answer 28

Lipid

Question 29

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid? Insulin

Answer 29

Protein

Question 30

Substrate concentration at which the reaction velocity is equal to 1/2 Vmax

Answer 30

Michaelis constant

Question 31

Maximal velocity of an enzyme catalyzed reaction

Answer 31

Vmax

Question 32

The structure of the inhibitor resemblance the substrate

Answer 32

Competitive inhibition

Question 33

Vmax is lowered by

Answer 33

Non competitive inhibitor

Question 34

KM is not modified by the presence of

Answer 34

Non competitive inhibitor

Question 35

Affinity of enzyme to the substrate is decreased by the presence of

Answer 35

Competitive inhibitor

Question 36

The inhibitor and the substrate bind at different sites on the enzyme

Answer 36

Non competitive inhibition

Question 37

Malathion's (organophosphate) effect on acetylcholinesterase

Answer 37

Non competitive inhibition

Question 38

Simvastatin's effect on HMG-CoA reductase

Answer 38

Competitive inhibition

Question 39

What is the formula for standard free energy

Answer 39

delta G = delta H - T delta S

Question 40

Measure of energy available to do work

Answer 40

delta G or Gibbs free energy

Question 41

Measure of randomness

Answer 41

delta S or entRopy

Question 42

Measure of heat released or absorbed during a reaction

Answer 42

entHalpy Heat absorbed : endergonic : positive G Heat released: exergonic : negative G

Question 43

Free energy change under standard conditions

Answer 43

Standard free energy Or delta G *

Question 44

Two ways in which your cells produce ATP

Answer 44

Oxidative phosphorylation | Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 45

Endergonic reaction

Answer 45

Positive G- heat is absorbed

Question 46

Energy of the products is less than the energy of the reactants

Answer 46

Negative G

Question 47

Exothermic reaction

Answer 47

Releases energy

Question 48

Spontaneous reaction

Answer 48

Negative G

Question 49

Rate of formation of products is the same as the rate of formation of the reactants

Answer 49

delta G is 0 Equilibrium