Biochem Final Study Guide

Question 1

Polar lipids constitute one of the two broad categories of lipids. Name the other category.

Answer 1

Polar lipids & neutral lipids

Question 2

Name the functional group where carbon 1 of a fatty acid is found

Answer 2

Carbon 1 of a fatty acid is found at carboxyl carbon

Question 3

Typically unsaturated fatty acids have cis double bonds and fatty acids in general have an ____ number of carbons.

Answer 3

Fatty acids in general have an even number of carbons

Question 4

Does the melting temperature of fatty acids increase or decrease as fatty acid chain length decreases?

Answer 4

As fatty acid chain length decreases, the melting temp also decreases

Question 5

Does the melting temp of fatty acids increase or decrease as the number of double bonds decreases?

Answer 5

As number of double bonds decrease, the melting point increases.

Question 6

Eicosanoids are formed when this fatty acid is oxidized and cyclized

Answer 6

Eicosonoids are formed when FA arachidonic acid (20:4) is oxidized and cyclized

Question 7

Name the precursor of polyprenyl lipids

Answer 7

Polyprenyl lipid precursor is isoprene (learn structure)

Question 8

How many carbons are in the polyprenyl lipid precursor

Answer 8

There are 5 carbons in polyprenyl lipid precursor

Question 9

How many 6 carbon fused rings are found in sterols?

Answer 9

Sterols have 3, 6 carbon fused rings

Question 10

Give a synonym for phospholipid

Answer 10

Phosphatides, phosphoglycerides

Question 11

What is the backbone structure of phospholipids

Answer 11

Glycerol-3-phosphate

Question 12

What phospholipid contains 2 phosphates?

Answer 12

Diphosphatidylglycerol

Question 13

Ceramide is the backbone structure of what group of lipids?

Answer 13

Sphingolipid

Question 14

Adipocytes are the cells where this lipid is stored

Answer 14

TAG (triacylglycerols) are stored in Adipocytes

Question 15

The proteins that coat the surface of lipid droplets are called what?

Answer 15

Perilipins

Question 16

Name the enzyme that catalyzes the production of cyclic adenosine mono phosphate

Answer 16

Adenylate cyclase

Question 17

What protein in the blood stream can bind up to 10 free fatty acids per Protein monomer?

Answer 17

Serum albumin

Question 18

When fatty acids are activated on the outer mitochondrial membrane, they are called by this name.

Answer 18

Fatty acyl-coA

Question 19

Give another name for integral membrane protein

Answer 19

Intrinsic protein

Question 20

Give another name for peripheral membrane protein

Answer 20

Extrinsic protein

Question 21

True or false: cells partially control membrane fluidity by increasing or decreasing the amount of sterol in the membrane?

Answer 21

False- sterol amount remains constant in membrane

Question 22

The method discussed in class that is used to estimate relative membrane fluidity is what?

Answer 22

Time resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy

Question 23

This term is used to describe the transport of materials across a membrane in opposite directions

Answer 23

Antiport

Question 24

True or false: in primary active transport, molecules or ions are moved across a membrane against their concentration gradient, the proteins involved are gates, and the energy source is an ion gradient.

Answer 24

False- secondary active transport uses ion gradient

Question 25

Name the membrane transport process that couples transport to chemical modification of the molecule being transported

Answer 25

group translocation

Question 26

What does PEP stand for in the enzyme name PEP: glucose phosphotransferase

Answer 26

PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 27

Name the most abundant monosaccharide in nature

Answer 27

D-glucose, (Dextrose)

Question 28

What is the Greek word that means sugar?

Answer 28

Sakcharon

Question 29

These carbohydrates are the most abundant oligosaccharides

Answer 29

Disaccharides

Question 30

Polysaccharides are sugar polymers that contain at least this number of monosaccharides

Answer 30

20 monosaccharides

Question 31

Name one common disaccharides

Answer 31

Sucrose | Lactose

Question 32

Where is the carbonyl group found in aldoses

Answer 32

End of the carbon chain

Question 33

Name the simplest aldose

Answer 33

Glyceraldehyde

Question 34

Name the simplest ketose

Answer 34

Dihydroxyacetone

Question 35

Sugars can exist as one of two stereoisomers. Name the process whereby interconversion between two stereoisomers occurs.

Answer 35

Mutarotation

Question 36

True or false: glucose and fructose are both sugars having 6-members rings, with glucose being a pyranose and fructose being a furanose.

Answer 36

False - fructose is a 5 carbon ring

Question 37

The bond that covalently links sugars together is called this.

Answer 37

Glycosidic bonds

Question 38

Amylose is one of two polysaccharides that make up starch. Name the other polysaccharide.

Answer 38

Amylose | Amylopectin

Question 39

Glucans are polymers of what sugars?

Answer 39

Glucose

Question 40

What is the name of the structural polysaccharide composed of linear polymers of N-acetyl- beta-D- glucosamine?

Answer 40

Chitin- linear polymer

Question 41

In glycoproteins that have an N-linked glycan, the glycan attaches to an asparagine in the protein via what sugar in the glycan?

Answer 41

N-Acetyl glucosamine

Question 42

In glycoproteins that an O-linked glycan, the glycan attaches to either serine or threonine in the protein via what sugar in the glycan?

Answer 42

N-Acetyl-Galatosamine

Question 43

Enzymes that cleave the bonds linking the sugars in sugar polymers are called?

Answer 43

Glycosidase

Question 44

Diphenylhexatriene is a molecule used in the study of what?

Answer 44

Membrane fluidity | -DPH is fluorescent and emits photons to show fluidity of membrane.

Question 45

Draw the full structure of phosphatidyl ethanolamine

Answer 45

Draw structure

Question 46

Draw full structure of phosphatidyl inositol and using arrows, show the bonds that are cleaved by the common phospholipases. Name these enzymes.

Answer 46

Draw

Question 47

Name the two products produced when phosphatidyl inositol is cleaved by phospholipase C

Answer 47

Diacylglycerol | Phosphate-containing head group

Question 48

True or false: membranes are more fluid when the phospholipids have a high degree of saturation in their fatty acid tails.

Answer 48

False- unsaturated fats makes membrane more fluid. The more saturation the less fluidity

Question 49

This is the name given to a phospholipid if it has lost one of its fatty acids due to phospholipase A action

Answer 49

Lysophospholipid

Question 50

Trans fatty acids have properties more similar to cis fatty acids or saturated fatty acids?

Answer 50

saturated fatty acids