Biochem Lec 5B - Integration of metabolism - energy balance and body composition

Question 1

BMI formula

Answer 1

weight (kg) / [height (m)]^2

Question 2

healthy weight BMI

Answer 2

18.5-24.9

Question 3

overweight BMI

Answer 3

25-29.9

Question 4

obesity BMI

Answer 4

30-39.9

Question 5

underweight BMI

Answer 5

<18.5

Question 6

extreme obesity BMI

Answer 6

> =40

Question 7

how much of body weight should be fat
general disease risk levels for men

Answer 7

young men: 22%
men over 40: 25%

Question 8

how much of body weight should be fat
general disease risk levels for women

Answer 8

young women: 32%
women over 40: 35%

Question 9

visceral fat location / name

Answer 9

upper body fat / central obesity
stored around organs of the abdomen

Question 10

subcutaneous fat location

Answer 10

lower body fat, stored around hips and thighs

Question 11

is lower body fat associated with chronic diseases?

Answer 11

not usually

Question 12

what is upper body fat associated w

Answer 12

heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, some types of cancer

Question 13

waist circumference indicator of fat distribution & central obesity number for women and men

Answer 13

women: >35in
men: >40in

Question 14

health risks associated w body weight and body fat

Answer 14

-cardiovascular disease - elevated blood cholesterol & hypertension
-diabetes - type II - central obesity - central body fat cells appear to be larger and more insulin resistant than lower body fat cells
-cancer - relationship not fully understood

Question 15

can your number of fat cells decrease?

Answer 15

no change in number, fat cell size decreases

Question 16

lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity

Answer 16

-removes triglycerides from blood for storage in adipose tissue and muscle cells
-obese people have more LPL activity in adipose tissue than lean people making fat storage efficient

Question 17

obesity gene name and expressed where, and what protein does it code for

Answer 17

gene ob, expressed primarily in the adipose tissue, codes for Leptin

Question 18

Leptin function

Answer 18

acts as a hormone,
promotes negative energy balance
suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure

Question 19

when is leptin released and from where

Answer 19

leptin from stomach is released in response to food presence

Question 20

leptin deficiency

Answer 20

constantly hungry and eat considerably more

Question 21

leptin levels trend w increasing BMI

Answer 21

leptin levels rise w increasing BMI to try to diminish appetite, but to no avail bc of “lectin resistance”

Question 22

adiponectin

Answer 22

-lean people have higher amounts
-inhibits inflammation and protests against insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
-increases insulin sensitivity
-researchers trying to find ways to raise adiponectin levels in obese individuals so as to decrease disease risks

Question 23

adiponectin [ ] and secreted from

Answer 23

[ ] lower in obesity, secreted from adipose tissue

Question 24

leptin [ ] and secreted from

Answer 24

[ ] higher in obesity, secreted from adipose tissue

Question 25

anorexia nervosa

Answer 25

-eating disorder by refusal to maintain a normal body weight -intense fear of gaining weight or becoming obese -disturbance of body image resulting in a feeling of being fat or having fat uncertain areas even when extremely emaciated

Question 26

bulimia nervosa

Answer 26

eating disorder involving episodic binge eating followed by behaviors designed to prevent weight gain, including purging, fasting, excessive exercise

Question 27

bulimia nervosa relation w enamel

Answer 27

causes enamel erosion bc of acid

Question 28

binge eating disorder

Answer 28

eating disorder characterized by binge eating, rarely purging and exert less restraint than bulimics during times of dieting