biochem lesson 1-3 Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
electrolytes that maintain osmotic pressure and water distribution in the various body fluid compartment
A
Sodium, chloride, and potassium
2
Q
these electrolytes that participate in catalaysis as cofactor for enzymes
A
Magnesium, calcium, and zinc
3
Q
these are electrolytes that participate in the regulation of proper function of the heart and other muscles
A
Potassium magnesium and calcium
4
Q
These electrolytes maintain the proper pH or acid-base balance
A
Bicarbonate potassium and chloride
5
Q
This involved in oxidation reduction reactions
A
Electrolytes
6
Q
This electrolyte is important in releasing of hormones and regulation of nerves found more in the ICF
A
Calcium
7
Q
Regulate muscle and nerve actions also used in DNA synthesis found more in the ICF
A
Magnesium
8
Q
Used as a building block in cell energy, predominant an ion in intracellular than extracellular
A
Phosphate
9
Q
Electrolyte that regulates fluid muscle contraction and normal blood pressure
A
Potassium
10
Q
It is predominant cation in the ICF
A
Potassium
11
Q
This electrolyte maintains as a balance, and it can be found in the ICF and ECF
A
Bicarbonate
12
Q
It is the biggest and major buffer of the body
A
Bicarbonate
13
Q
Maintains pH, facilitate flows off oxygen and carbon dioxide within the cell
A
Chloride
14
Q
Predominant anion in the ECF
A
Chloride
15
Q
osmotically active cation in the extracellular fluid
A
Sodium
16
Q
Fluid that fills up the blood vessel
A
Intravascular fluid
17
Q
Fluid that fills up of the spaces between or around cells
A
Interstitial fluid
18
Q
It is found in the lymph cerebrospinal fluid and phlegm
A
Interstitial fluid
19
Q
Total composition of intravascular fluid
A
1/3 or 7%
20
Q
Total composition of interstitial fluid
A
2/3 or 26%
21
Q
Fluid that fill up the spaces of chambers formed from the lining of the epithelial cells
A
Transcellular fluid
22
Q
The body fluid located outside the cell of an organism
A
Extracellular fluid
23
Q
The body fluid located within the cell of an organism
A
Intracellular fluid
24
Q
Total body water composition in extra cellular fluid
A
26%
25
Total body water composition in intracellular fluid
67%
26
It is an irregular shape of RBC: Indication of severe dehydration
Burr cell
27
Anything that flows or assumes the shape of its container
Liquid
28
Takes up 50 to 60% of the body mass
Fluid
29
It is a water-based liquid containing ions sell solutes that is essential in transporting products of metabolism such as nutrients
Fluid
30
With electrolytes and dissolve molecules
Fluid
31
Series of reactions regenerate the first reactant
Cyclic metabolic pathway
32
Materials that are needed will branch out
Branch metabolic pathway
33
Series of reactions generates a final product
Linear metabolic pathway
34
Chemical messengers produced or released by the organs to influence reactions
Hormones
35
catalyst that speeds up the reaction
Enzyme
36
Enzyme for digestion
amylase and pepsin
37
Hormone for digestion
Gastrin
38
hormones for cellular level or diagnosis for diabetes
Insulin
39
True or false: metabolic pathways prevents very large chemical energy releases which would be damaging to cells
True
40
Metabolic pathaways does not allow pathways to be directed to different end products
False because it allows
41
True or false: metabolic pathways do not permit control of the rate and direction of the cellular activity
False because it permits
42
Metabolic pathways permits branch point
true
43
It is an organize sequence of chemical reactions
Metabolic pathways
44
It is similar to synthetic work and involves reactants and the product
Chemical work
45
Acts as a gateway to allow glucose or other material to enter or exit
Channel protein
46
Similar to osmotic work as the ions or substances are going in and going out of the concentration gradient
Transport work
47
Glucose breaks down the bands to convert to ATP, what cellular work is this?
Synthetic work
48
a change in chemical bonds required to generate complex molecules from simple precursors
Synthetic work
49
Compounds and ions are often move against a concentration gradient
Osmotic or electrical work
50
Water go against the high concentration of salt in the plasma membrane and what type of work is this
Electrical work
51
Change of location or posture of an organism cell or cellular structure
Mechanical work
52
What type of work that when DNA molecules move toward each other to form a helix
Mechanical work
53
Starting point in krebs cycle
Pyruvate
54
end product of krebs cycle
ATP
55
Ends with ATP and pyruvate
Glycolytic pathway
56
He is the founder of bio chemistry
karl schelle
57
He is the father of bio chemistry and coined the term bio chemistry
carl newberg
58
Discovered glycolytic pathway
embden and mayerhoff
59
Discovered rotary engine
paul boyer and jay walker
60
Discover double helical structure of the DNA
james watson and francis cricks
61
Discovered sodium potassium pump
danish j. skou
62
Discovered organism causing mad cow disease
stanley fruisner
63
discovered krebs cycle
hans kreb
64
Demonstrated alcoholic fermentation incell-free yeast
eduard buchner’s
65
Disprove Vitalism
friedrich wohler
66
He synthesize urea from ammonium cyanate
friedrich wohler
67
He said that respiration requires oxygen
antoine lavoisier
68
Compounds found on the living organism can only be produced by the organism and cannot be produced elsewhere
Vitalism
69
What year did the starting point of bio chemistry
1893
70
Discovered chromosomes
walter flemming
71
Formulated cell theory
schleiden and schwann
72
Major substances from animal was identified as
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
73
It is a recreation of primitive Earth atmosphere leading to spontaneous formation of amino acids and other biological compounds
miller-urey experiment
74
It is a type of metabolism that refers to all of the synthesis reactions that occur in your body
Anabolism
75
It is a type of metabolism that refers to the decomposition reactions that occur in your body
catabolism
76
It is a type of reaction that the product can revert to the original reactants
Reversible reaction
77
It is a type of reactions that splits up large molecules into smaller atoms ions or molecules
decomposition reaction
78
This reaction consist of both synthesis and decomposition reaction
Exchange reaction
79
It is a reaction that combine two or more atoms ions or molecules to form new and larger molecules
Synthesis reaction
80
Chemical compounds that speed up chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for every action to occur
Catalyst
81
It is an enzyme used to break down carbohydrates
amylase
82
Energy stored by matter due to its position
Potential energy
83
Energy associated with matter in motion
Kinetic energy
84
Collision energy needed to break the chemical bonds of the reactant molecules so a reaction can start
Activation energy
85
energy that stored in the bonds of compounds and molecule
Chemical energy
86
The capacity to do work
Energy
87
The energy currency of cell to cell interaction
Adenosine triphosphate
88
Series of reactions that occur within Cells of living organism to sustain life
Metabolism
89
4 most important electrolytes we measure through blood
Sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium
90
Electrolytes for kidney
Sodium and chloride
91
Electrolyte for heart
Potassium
92
Electrolyte for bones and tissues
Magnesium
93
It is the least important electrolyte we measure through blood
calcium
94
Ionic compound that breaks apart into positive and negative ions in solution
Electrolytes
95
Negatively charged ion
Anion
96
Positively charged ion
cation
97
It is a chemical energy that holds the bond hydrogen together and is common for hydrogen containing compounds
Hydrogen bond
98
It is a bond formed by a strong force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions
Ionic bonds
99
It is a bond formed between two combining atoms by sharing of electrons
Covalent bond
100
Forces that hold together the atoms of each molecule or compound
Chemical bonds
101
Atom or group of atoms with an unpaired Electron
Free radical
102
It is a branch of chemistry that involves studying the atoms and molecules of life
Organic chemistry
103
It is a branch of chemistry that identify of materials in the mixture
Analytical chemistry
104
It is a branch of chemistry that studies the behavior of atoms molecules and other chemical systems
Physical chemistry
105
It is a branch of chemistry that he studies chemical materials that do not contain carbon
Inorganic chemistry
106
It is a branch of chemistry that the study of chemical processes and interactions that occur inside the living organism
Biochemistry
107
In general it is the study of the chemical substances found in living organisms in the chemical interaction of the substances with each other
Biochemistry
108
Regenerative medicine, tissue transplantation and genetic diseases what branch of chemistry
Biochemistry
109
It is for inorganic polymers production and research purposes
Inorganic chemistry
110
it is for Research purposes
Physical chemistry
111
It is for forensic laboratory’s, environmental or pharmaceutical companies
Analytical chemistry
112
It is for flavorings, preservatives, polymer production, and agricultural chemicals
Organic chemistry
113
Substances that do not contain carbon
Bioinorganic substances
114
Substances that contain carbon
bioorganic substances
115
what are the 2 biochemical substances
bioinorganic and bioorganic
116
Example of bioinorganic substances
water(70%) and inorganic salt(5%)
117
Example of bioorganic substances
proteins 15%, lipids 8%, carbohydrates 2%, nucleic acids 2%
118
How many carbons in the nucleic acid
5 carbons
119
Substance that has mass and takes up space by having a volume
Matter
120
Compact and has a definite shape and volume
Solid
121
Has a definite volume and assumes the shape of its container
Liquid
122
Have neither a definite shape nor volume
Gases
123
It is the smallest unit of matter
Atoms
124
It is a basic composition of an atom
Subatomic particle’s
125
an atom that has Positive charge
Protons
126
An atom that has no charge
Neutron
127
Atom that has negative charge
Electron
128
a pure substance consisting of one type of atom
Chemical elements
129
Letters that represent the elements name in English or Latin language
Chemical symbol
130
An atom that has a positive or negative charge
Ion
131
It is the process of giving up or gaining electrons
Ionization
132
Loss of electrons causes the release of energy
Oxidation
133
Gain of electrons causes gain of energy
Reduction
134
Same time but different directions one loses and one gains energy
Redox reaction
135
The combination of two or more atoms that share electron
Molecule
136
Indicates the elements and the number of atoms of each element that make up in molecule
Molecular formula
137
A substance that contains atoms of two or more different elements
Compounds
138
It is the charges inside an atom
Subatomic particle’s
139
Number of protons
Atomic number
