Biochemistry

Question 1

most abundant organic molecule in nature

Answer 1

carbohydrate

Question 2

monomer is a monosaccharide, polymer is polysaccharide

Answer 2

carbohydrate

Question 3

common ratio is Cn(H2O)n “hydrate of carbon”

Answer 3

carbohydrate

Question 4

functions include energy sources and structural elements

Answer 4

carbohydrate

Question 5

macromolecules are linked together by a process called dehydration synthesis/ condensation (removal of water) and are broken down to their component monosaccharides through hydrolysis

Answer 5

carbohydrate

Question 6

a process where monomers are joined together to form disaccharides via the removal of water

Answer 6

condensation / dehydration

Question 7

a process that split polymers by adding water

Answer 7

hydrolysis

Question 8

the bond that is formed in condensation / dehydration reactions (linking of monosaccharides together)

Answer 8

glycosidic bond

Question 9

what type of carbohydrate is glucose?

Answer 9

monosaccharide

Question 10

what type of carbohydrate is fructose?

Answer 10

monosaccharide

Question 11

what type of carbohydrate is galactose?

Answer 11

monosaccharide

Question 12

what type of carbohydrate is mannose?

Answer 12

monosaccharide

Question 13

the most abundant monosaccharide

Answer 13

glucose

Question 14

fruit sugar

Answer 14

fructose

Question 15

constituent of lactose

Answer 15

galactose

Question 16

monosaccharide that is important in human metabolism

Answer 16

mannose

Question 17

what type of carbohydrate is lactose?

Answer 17

disaccharide

Question 18

glucose + galactose

Answer 18

lactose

Question 19

what type of carbohydrate is maltose?

Answer 19

disaccharide

Question 20

glucose + glucose

Answer 20

maltose

Question 21

what type of carbohydrate is sucrose?

Answer 21

disaccharide

Question 22

glucose + fructose

Answer 22

sucrose

Question 23

3-10 monosaccharide units joined by O-glycosidic bonds

Answer 23

oligosaccharides

Question 24

the usual function of monosaccharides

Answer 24

energy source

Question 25

the usual function of oligosaccharides

Answer 25

sugar transport

Question 26

the usual function of polysaccharides

Answer 26

structural role

Question 27

functions as a catalyst (enzymes), structural role ( collagen), movement (actin and tubulin), defense, regulation (hormones insulin), transport (hemoglobin), and storage

Answer 27

Proteins

Question 28

bonds that link together amino acids

Answer 28

peptide bonds

Question 29

the four levels of protein structure

Answer 29

primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary

Question 30

chemical groups that form proteins

Answer 30

carboxyl group, amino group, R group (side chain)

Question 31

level of protein structure where the focus is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Answer 31

Primary

Question 32

level of protein structure where the focus is the folding of the sequence of amino acids either the alpha helix or the beta-plated sheet arrangement of

Answer 32

Secondary

Question 33

level of protein structure = Folding that occurs in the 3D shape of a functional protein due to the R groups (hydrophobic or hydrophilic)

Answer 33

Tertiary

Question 34

level of protein structure = looking at a protein consisting of more than one polypeptide chain

Answer 34

Quarternary

Question 35

protein that help in the folding process

Answer 35

Chaperonins

Question 36

Lipids are defined by their ___ property

Answer 36

water-repelling

Question 37

the structure of lipids

Answer 37

3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol (also contain non-polar hydrocarbon groups)

Question 38

functions of lipids

Answer 38

transport, storage, insulation

Question 39

the type of lipid that is liquid at room temperature

Answer 39

oil

Question 40

the type of lipid that is solid at room temperature

Answer 40

wax

Question 41

the three types of lipids

Answer 41

oil (saturated and unsaturated), waxes, phospholipids

Question 42

the two forms of phospholipids in an aqueous environment

Answer 42

micelle and phospholipids bilayer

Question 43

a modified fat with a hydrophilic head (polar head) and two hydrophobic (lipid portion) tail, major component of cell membranes (lipid bilayer that is semi-permiable)

Answer 43

Phospholipids

Question 44

pure single bonds, fat

Answer 44

saturated

Question 45

single bonds with double bonds, oil

Answer 45

unsaturated

Question 46

lipids that consist of fats and oils

Answer 46

triglycerides

Question 47

composition of fatty acids

Answer 47

methyl group, hydrocarbon chain, acid group

Question 48

composition of triglycerides

Answer 48

glycerol and 3 fatty acid chain

Question 49

composition of phospholipids

Answer 49

phosphate group, glycerol, two fatty acids

Question 50

the monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 50

nucleotides

Question 51

the bond that connects nucleotides together

Answer 51

phosphodiester bonds

Question 52

organic molecule that is involved in heredity, protein synthesis, and as energy carriers

Answer 52

nucleic acids

Question 53

the three components of a nucleotide

Answer 53

nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphate group

Question 54

the 5 nitrogenous bases

Answer 54

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 55

the bond that connects base pairs

Answer 55

hydrogen bond