Biochemistry

Question 0

Alcohols

Answer 0

OH.
Yeast+Fruit make ethanol to help seeds disperse
Esters are alcohol based fragrances used by plants to attract pollinators

Question 1

Organic

Answer 1

Contains HONC (HOC most common)

Question 2

Corboxyl

Answer 2

COOH (acid)

Found in amino and fatty acids

Question 3

Amino

Answer 3

NH2

Found in proteins and enzymes (which are just proteins)

Question 4

Sulfhydryl

Answer 4

Sulfur bridges used to cause 3D cool or kink to proteins

Question 5

Phosphates

Answer 5

[PO4] 3-

Found in ATP DNA and phospholipids (cell membrane)

Question 6

Methyl

Answer 6

CH3

Will inactivate a gene when attached to DNA

Question 7

To combine molecules into polymers?

Answer 7

Dehydration synthesis

Question 8

To break molecules into monomers?

Answer 8

Hydrolysis

Question 9

Determination of molecule combination:

Answer 9

Shape
Charge
Availability
and Catalysts (enzymes, cofactors, coenzymes)

Question 10

4 Organics in living tissue

Answer 10

Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

Question 11

Carbs

Answer 11

CH2O
Sugars and polymers of sugars.
Energy and structure

Question 12

Monosaccharides

Answer 12

C6H12O6 (glucose, fructose, ribose)
Alpha and beta glucose (isomers of glucose)
Humans can’t digest beta glucose

Question 13

Disaccharides

Answer 13

Sucrose (main form of sugar transport in plants)

Trehalase (how insects transport sugar)

Question 14

How sugar is stored:

Answer 14

In plants as starch

In animals as glycogen in liver and muscle cells

Question 15

Sugar structure:

Answer 15

In plants cellulose

In animals: insects as chitin

Question 16

Peptide bonds

Answer 16

C-N bond made through dehydration synthesis

Question 17

Primary structure

Answer 17

Amino acid sequence

Question 18

Secondary structure

Answer 18

Folding due to hydrogen bonds in A.A. Alpha helix’s and beta pleated sheets

Question 19

Tertiary structure

Answer 19

Globular protein, bonding between R groups/sulfur bridges

Question 20

Quaternary structure

Answer 20

2 or more “clustered” globular proteins.

Question 21

Hemoglobin

Answer 21

Helps blood clot

Question 22

Keratin

Answer 22

Keeps your hair straight

Question 23

Collagen

Answer 23

Found in connective tissues

Question 24

Enzymes: tertiary structure

Answer 24

Globular with 3D structure “locks in” with substrate at active site

Question 25

Induced fit

Answer 25

Polarity and shape

Question 26

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 26

Missing an enzyme needed for salt/water/mucus

Question 27

Hemophilia

Answer 27

An enzyme used in platelets which is faulty, can’t form blood clots

Question 28

Muscular dystrophy

Answer 28

Missing an enzyme necessary for neuro brain cell functioning

Question 29

Limiting factors in enzyme activity:

Answer 29

Temperature, pH, cofactor availability (minerals which are inorganic and vitamins which are organic) DNA mutation

Question 30

Allosteric inhibitor

Answer 30

Closes off other “door” in enzyme so substrates can’t go in

Question 31

Allosteric effector

Answer 31

Opens “door” in enzyme for substances to come in