Biochemistry

Question 1

Water

Answer 1

A molecule with two hydrogens and one oxygen: bent and polar

Question 2

Four properties of water

Answer 2

Cohesion, temperature moderation, ice floating, evaporative cooling

Question 3

Calorie

Answer 3

Amount of heat to raise temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

Question 4

Hydration shell

Answer 4

A collection of water about an ion, held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 5

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 5

Weak polar interactions from hydrogen to another atom (fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen)

Question 6

Hydrophilic

Answer 6

Attracted to water

Question 7

Hydrophobic

Answer 7

Repelled by water

Question 8

Hydrocarbon

Answer 8

A molecule of carbon and hydrogen only

Question 9

Isomers

Answer 9

Compounds with same numbers of elements, but different structures

Question 10

Structural isomers

Answer 10

Shuffles bonds in molecule

Question 11

Cis-trans isomers

Answer 11

Twisting double bonds

Question 12

Enantiomers

Answer 12

Mirror image isomers

Question 13

Polymer

Answer 13

Long molecule of many similar blocks linked by covalent bonds

Question 14

Monomer

Answer 14

Unit of a polymer

Question 15

Dehydration

Answer 15

A reaction that builds polymers

Question 16

Carbohydrates

Answer 16

Macromolecules made of monosaccharides

Question 17

Glucose

Answer 17

Most well-known monosaccharide, used in cellular respiration

Question 18

Disaccharide

Answer 18

Two monosaccharides joined

Question 19

Glycosidic linkage

Answer 19

Bond between two carb monomers

Question 20

Starch

Answer 20

Plant energy-storing carb

Question 21

Cellulose

Answer 21

Plant structural carb

Question 22

Chitin

Answer 22

Fungi and arthropod structural carb

Question 23

Lipids

Answer 23

Hydrophobic molecules that are not true polymers

Question 24

Fatty acid

Answer 24

Long carbon skeleton with many hydrogens

Question 25

Fat

Answer 25

Three fatty acids plus one glycerol; used as fuel

Question 26

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 26

Fatty acid with all single bonds

Question 27

Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 27

Fatty acid with some double bonds

Question 28

Phospholipids

Answer 28

Two fatty acids plus one glycerol; used in cellular membranes

Question 29

Steroids

Answer 29

Four carbon rings; used in hormones

Question 30

Protein functions

Answer 30

``` Enzymes Defense Storage Transport Hormones Receptor Contractile/motor Structure ```

Question 31

Amino acid

Answer 31

Monomer of polypeptide; contain amino, carboxyl, and R groups; twenty in all

Question 32

Polypeptide

Answer 32

Polymer of amino acids, joined by peptide bonds

Question 33

Primary structure

Answer 33

Amino acid chain, built via genetic information

Question 34

Secondary structure

Answer 34

Self-interaction of amino-carboxyl backbone

Question 35

Tertiary structure

Answer 35

Interactions between amino acids in chain

Question 36

Quaternary structure

Answer 36

Aggregation of folded polypeptides

Question 37

Denaturation

Answer 37

The process of degrading a protein beyond usefulness

Question 38

Chaperonin

Answer 38

Proteins that give polypeptides a hydrophilic environment to fold in

Question 39

Genes

Answer 39

Discrete units of inheritance

Question 40

Nucleotides

Answer 40

Monomers of nucleic acids; consist of pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group

Question 41

DNA

Answer 41

Deoxyribonucleic acid; pentose is deoxyribose

Question 42

RNA

Answer 42

Ribonucleic acid; pentose is ribose

Question 43

Double helix

Answer 43

Structure of DNA

Question 44

Purines

Answer 44

Adenine and guanine

Question 45

Pyrimidines

Answer 45

Thymine, cytosine, uracil