Biochemistry Inorganic Ions And Carbonates Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?
Organic compounds are complex, carbon-containing compounds such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids. Inorganic compounds are simpler and smaller, including water, bases, salts, and acids.
What is a polar molecule?
A molecule that carries charges.
Why is water referred to as being a DIPOLE?
It has 2 areas of opposite charge within its structure of two positive hydrogen atoms and one negative oxygen atom.
What makes water molecules cohesive?
Cohesion exists between water molecules due to hydrogen bonds forming between the positive hydrogens and negative oxygens of different water molecules.
What compound do calcium ions Ca²⁺ form in cell walls?
Calcium pectate.
What are iron ions Fe²⁺ needed for making?
Haemoglobin, enzymes, and cytochromes.
What is phosphate PO4²⁻ needed for?
Making ATP, phospholipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
What is nitrate NO3²⁻ needed for?
Nitrogen from nitrate is needed for making amino acids which are used to make proteins, such as enzymes, antibodies, hormones, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll.
What compound is magnesium Mg used to make?
Chlorophyll.
What is a buffer?
A compound that acts in such a way as to resist any change in pH that may occur (due to adding or removing acid or alkali).
Name two buffers.
Sodium or potassium hydrogen carbonate and proteins such as albumen.
What 3 elements do carbohydrates contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are the 3 main groups of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
What are monosaccharides?
Single sugars, or monomers which are classed as being trioses, pentoses or hexoses depending on the number of carbon atoms they contain
Examples include glucose and fructose as hexose sugars (C6H12O6), and ribose and deoxyribose as pentose sugars.
What are isomers?
Molecules with the same molecular formulae but different structural formulae
An example is glucose and fructose.
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose at carbon 1?
In alpha glucose, the hydrogen group points up and the hydroxide group points down. In beta glucose, the hydrogen and hydroxide groups are the other way around.
What are disaccharides?
Disaccharides are the sugars that are formed when two monosaccharides combine through a condensation reaction.
Examples of disaccharides include sucrose and lactose.
What is a condensation reaction?
A condensation reaction involves the removal of water and is the reaction involved when smaller molecules combine to make larger ones.
This process is essential in the formation of various biological macromolecules.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A hydrolysis reaction involves the addition of water and is the reaction involved when larger compounds are being broken down into smaller ones.
Hydrolysis is the reverse of condensation.
Fill in the blank: Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides combine through a _______.
condensation reaction
True or False: A hydrolysis reaction is involved in the combination of smaller molecules to create larger ones.
False
What is the reverse of a condensation reaction?
Hydrolysis reaction
What is the bond formed between the monosaccharide subunits when forming a disaccharide or polysaccharide?
GLYCOSIDIC BOND
The glycosidic bond is formed via condensation reactions between monosaccharides.
How is Maltose formed?
From the condensation reaction between 2 alpha glucose molecules
Maltose is a disaccharide consisting of two glucose units.
