Biochemistry - Lecture 2

Question 1

What are the major classes of Biomolecules?

Answer 1

Peptides
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates

Question 2

What is Lactose composed of?

Answer 2

Glucose and Galactose

Question 3

What is Maltose composed of?

Answer 3

Glucose and Glucose

Question 4

What is Sucrose composed of?

Answer 4

Glucose and Fructose

Question 5

What is Cellulose composed of?

Answer 5

Glucose and Beta Glucose

Question 6

What are examples of Diasaccharides (3)?

Answer 6

Lactose
Maltose
Sucrose

Question 7

What are the common Monosaccharides?

Answer 7

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 8

What are the three common Polysaccharides?

Answer 8

Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen

Question 9

What elements are carbohydrates made from?

Answer 9

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 10

What are Polysaccharides generally used for?

Answer 10

Storage and rapid energy conversion

Structure

Question 11

What is the first law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 11

Energy can neither be created or destroyed

Question 12

What is the second law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 12

No energy transformation is 100% efficient

Question 13

What is entropy?

Answer 13

Free energy will tend towards an unstable state after multiple transformations.

Question 14

What is the symbol given for Heat Content?

Answer 14

Delta H

Question 15

What is the symbol given for Entropy?

Answer 15

Delta S

Question 16

What is the equation for free energy?

Answer 16

dG = dH - TdS

Question 17

What is the equation for the free energy in terms of Products and reactants?

Answer 17

dG = Energy of the Products - Energy of Reactants

Question 18

What is an Exergonic reaction?

Answer 18

Reactions in which the total free energy of the products is less than the total free energy of the
reactants

Question 19

What is delta G for an exergonic reaction?

Answer 19

dG is negative in exergonic reactions.

Question 20

Are Exergonic reactions Spontaneous or not?

Answer 20

Exergonic Reactions are spontaneous

Question 21

What is a Endergonic reaction?

Answer 21

Reactions in which the total free energy of the products is more than the total free energy of the
reactions

Question 22

What is delta G for an Endergonic reaction?

Answer 22

dG is positive in endergonic reactions

Question 23

Are Endergonic reactions Spontaneous or not?

Answer 23

Endergonic reactions are not spontaneous

Question 24

How do you determine the Free energy of this reaction?

A + B —- C + D

Answer 24

dG= dGo + RTIn([C][D]/[A][B])

Question 25

What are the conditions for Standard Conditions?

Answer 25

Temperature: - 298k Pressure: 1 atm 1 M concentration of reactants pH 7

Question 26

What does Delta G show (free energy) ?

Answer 26

dG is related to the point of equilibrium: The further towards completion the point of equilibrium is more free energy is released

Question 27

What is dG equal to when the reaction is at the equilibrium point?

Answer 27

dGo = -RTlnK

Question 28

What type of reaction is considered favourable?

Answer 28

Reactions with a negative delta G (Free energy)

Question 29

How does the body maximise its delta G with regards to unfavourable reactions?

Answer 29

Unfavourable reactions are coupled to highly favourable processes

Question 30

What is an unfavourable reaction?

Answer 30

Reactions with a Positive delta G

Question 31

What is the equation for ATP hydrolysis?

Answer 31

ATP + H2O ---- ADP + Pi + H+

Question 32

How much energy is evolved when one ATP molecule is hydrolyses to ADP?

Answer 32

-30kj/mol

Question 33

What forms of ATP are the most stable to the least stable?

Answer 33

ATP least stable ---- >AMP most stable

Question 34

What is Catabolism?

Answer 34

-breaking down complex molecules into smaller molecules and releasing energy

Question 35

What Anabolism?

Answer 35

Synthesising of complex molecules out of smaller molecules, this requires energy