Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HIGH YIELD > Biochemistry Pearls > Flashcards

Biochemistry Pearls Flashcards

1
Q

Tizanidine

A

Centrally acting alpha-2 agonist

Muscle relaxant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Histones - Rich in which amino acids?

A

Lysine and Arginine

H1 = Linker histone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Amino acids necessary for purine synthesis?

A

Glycine
Aspartate
Glutamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Leflunomide MOA?

A

Inhibits Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Use of Pyrimethamine?

A

Inhibits protozoa Dihydrofolate Reudctase

Treat Toxoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mycophenolate MOA?

A

Inhibit IMP Dehydrogenase

Same as RIBAVIRIN (Hep C drug)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Only Amino Acids with one Codon?

A

Methionine (AUG) and Tryptophan (UGG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Irinotecan/Topotecan MOA?

A

Inhibit Topoisomerase I

SS nicks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Etoposide/Tenopiside MOA?

A

Inhibit Topoisomerase II
(DNA Gyrase)
DS breaks

Podophyllin - Topo II inhibitor for genital warts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA?

A

Inhibit prokaryotic Topoisomerase II (DNA Gyrase) and Topoisomerase IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DNA Pol III

A

3’ to 5’ Exonuclease activity

Elongates leading strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DNA Pol I

A

3’ to 5’ Exonuclease - same functions as DNA Pol I

5’ to 3’ Exonuclease activity
Removes RNA primers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Telomere sequence?

A

TTAGG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DNA Pol - Gamma?

A

Eukaryotes only

Mitochondrial DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transition

A

Purine to Purine or Pyrimidine to Pyrimidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transversion

A

Purine to Pyrimidine or vis-versa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sickle Cell Disease mutation?

A

Missense
Glutamic Acid to Valine
Promotes hydrophobic interactions between Hgb’s which lead to cell sickling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Frameshift Mutation diseases

A

Duchenne

Tay Sachs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Splice Site Mutation diseases

A

Dementia
Epilepsy
Beta-Thalassemia - point mutation in splice site and promoter. Decreased Beta-Globing synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Base Excision Repair order?

A

GEL Please:
Glycosylase
Endonuclease
Lyase

Polymerase
Ligase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mismatch repair in cell cycle?

A

G2 - occurs AFTER DNA synthesis

Defective in Lynch Syndrome (HPNCC) - microsatellite instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

NEHJ Diseases?

A

Ataxia telangiectasia
BRCA1
Fanconi Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bacterial stimulant for neutrophil chemotaxis?

A

fMet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Alpha-Amanitin

A

Inhibits RNA Pol II

Severe hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Actinomycin D

A

Chemotherapy

Inhibits RNA Polymerase in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

26
Q

RNA Pol III

A

Makes tRNA

27
Q

RNA Pol II

A

Makes mRNA

28
Q

RNA Pol I

A

Makes rRNA - most abundant

29
Q

P-Bodies

A

mRNA quality control - contain lots of enzymes to “fix” or inhibit mRNA

30
Q

Anti-Smith and Anti-U1RNA

A

Inhibit process of splicing
Anti-Smith = SLE
Anti-U1 RNP = MCTD

31
Q

CCA

A

Acceptor stem for amino acids on tRNA

32
Q

D-Arm of tRNA

A

Detects aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase

33
Q

T-Arm of tRNA

A

Tethers to ribosome

34
Q

ATP function with tRNA?

A

ATP = tRNA Activation (charging)

35
Q

GTP function with tRNA?

A

GTP = tRNA “Gripping” (translocation)

36
Q

Stable Cells (Quiescent)

A

Hepatocytes, Lymphocytes, Fibrobalsts

37
Q

Defects in ubiquitin-proteasome cause what disease?

A

Parkinsons

Alpha-Synuclein

38
Q

Accumulation of proteins in cytosol?

A

Defective SRP

No trafficking back to RER

39
Q

Vimentin type of filament?

A

Intermediate filament

Sarcoma, Endometrial carcinoma, Renal Cell carcinoma, Meningioma

40
Q

GFAP in which tumors?

A

Intermediate filament

Astrocytoma, Glioblastoma

41
Q

Skin, Dentin, Fascia, Cornea

What type of collagen?

A

Type I

Also: Bone, Tendon, Late wound repair (healed scars)

42
Q

Vitreous Body, Nucleus Pulposus

What type of collagen?

A

Type II

Also: CarTWOlage

43
Q

Uterus, Fetal tissue, Granulation tissue

What type of collagen?

A

Type III

Also: Blood Vessels (3 = ED)

44
Q

Basal lamina, Lens

What type of collagen?

A

Type IV

Also: Basement Membrane

45
Q

Amino acid in collagen?

A

Glycine - comprises 1/3 of collagen

46
Q

Collagen synthesis big steps?

A

Proline and Lysine Gydroxylation in RER

Cross-linking by Lysol Oxidase in extracellular space

47
Q

PCR used for?

A

Neonatal HIV

Herpes Encephalitis

48
Q

What do microarrays look for?

A

cDNA levels - gene expression levels

49
Q

Variable expressivity?

A

Varying disease severity

50
Q

Pleiotropy?

A

One gene contributing to multiple phenotypic effects

EX: PKU - Albinism, Musty odor, many different kinds of symptoms

51
Q

Mosaicism

A

McCune Albright

Sturge-Weber

52
Q

Locus Heterogeneity

A

Mutations at different loci produce similar phenotype

EX: Albinism, Retinitis Pigmentosa

53
Q

Allelic Heterogeneity

A

Different mutations, but at the same locus, produce the same disease

EX: Beta Thalassemia, Cystic Fibrosis

54
Q

Heteroplasmy

A

Mitochondral DNA

55
Q

Decreased PAPP-A, Decreased Estriol

Increased Beta-hCG, Increased Inhibin A

A

Down Syndrome

Also: Alpha-FP DOWN

56
Q

Decreased Beta-hCG, Decreased Estriol

Decreased Alpha-FP, Decreased Inhibin A

A

Edwards Syndrome

57
Q

Decreased Beta-hCG, Decreased PAPP-A

A

Patau Syndrome

58
Q

Williams Syndrome Cardiac abnormality

A

Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis

Stenotic vessels in general, Hypercalcemia

59
Q

Mechanism of Steatosis

A

Increased NADH to NAD+ ratio causes Dihrydroxyacetone phosphate to be converted to Glycerol-3P

Decreased Beta-Oxidation
Increased FA Synthesis

60
Q

Consequences of Increased NADH/NAD ratio

A

Pyruvate to Lactate (Lactic Acidosis)

Oxaloacetate to Malate (Prevents Gluconeogenesis –> Hypoglycemia)

Dihydroxyacetone to Glycerol 3-P (Triglycerides)

61
Q

Abetalipoproteinemia

A

Acanthocytes + Burr Cells
Deficiency in ApoB48 or ApoB100
Can’t get fat out of enterocytes
Spinocerebellar Degeneration

TX: Large doses of oral Vitamin E

HIGH YIELD (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions