Biodiversity

Question 1

what is biodiversity ?

Answer 1

1. number of different ecosystems
2. number of different species
3. number of individuals in each species
4. genetic variation within each species, present in an area

Question 2

species richness - define

Answer 2

total number of species within a given area or community

Question 3

how can the diversity of species be measured

Answer 3

using the simpson diversity index

Question 4

simpson diversity index

Answer 4

diversity = N( N - 1) / En( n - 1)

Question 5

what is diversity measured in ?

Answer 5

index of diversity
- n

Question 6

in the Simpson diversity index, what does N stand for ?

Answer 6

the total number of organisms of all species

Question 7

what does the E, in the Simpson diversity index, stand for ?

Answer 7

sum of

Question 8

in the Simpson diversity index, what does n stand for ?

Answer 8

total number of organisms of each individual species

Question 9

where are all the alleles of genes located in ?

Answer 9

reproductive cells of those individuals
- they make up a gene pool

Question 10

the bigger the gene pool, …

Answer 10

more genetically diverse species

Question 11

what is interbreeding ?

Answer 11

closely related

Question 12

what does interbreeding lead to ?

Answer 12

homozygosity - at more and more of the will be identical alleles- less variation in the population

Question 13

issues of homozygosity - 2

Answer 13

change in the environment - species less able to adapt
genetic fitness of the population is comprised

Question 14

what does rainforests provide ?

Answer 14

habitats to almost 50% of all living things

Question 15

state ecological reasons why we conserve the rainforest ecosystem ?

Answer 15

• high majority of species are distributed on the surface of earth
• destroying rainforests destroys plants and the organisms that depend of them
• new organisms are still being found

Question 16

state economic reasons why we conserve the rainforest ecosystem ?

Answer 16

• when species are extinct - genes are lost - decrease in genetic heritage if destruction occurs
• trees are CO2 sinks
• cleared for crops - soil will not sustain continued crop growing
• harwood timber - cleared forest is a lost source of timber

Question 17

state aesthetic reasons why we conserve the rainforest ecosystem ?

Answer 17

• beautiful and inspirational places
• inheritance of future generations

Question 18

state ethical reasons why we conserve the rainforest ecosystem ?

Answer 18

• biome is a home for rainforest people
• many higher mammals live exclusively in these habitats

Question 19

what is the aim of practical conservations ?

Answer 19

preserve and promote habitats and wildfire

Question 20

what are the two types of conservations ?

Answer 20

in - situ conservation
ex- situ conservation

Question 21

what is in - situ conservation ?

Answer 21

conservation of natural habitat and ecosystems

Question 22

what does in - situ conservation include ?

Answer 22

biosphere, national parks and wildfire sanctuaries

Question 23

active management of nature reserves - 4

Answer 23

1. monitored - allow early change to be taken
2. protected for unwanted human activity logging or poaching
3. needs to be big enough for a range of species to be conserved
4. not isolated from other reserves

Question 24

what is ex - situ conservation ?

Answer 24

zoological gardens and their captive breeding programmes

Question 25

what are the three main roles in conservations ?

Answer 25

education scientific research captive breeding programme

Question 26

what is education in conservation ?

Answer 26

- illegal trade - need for biodiversity and prevent interbreeding

Question 27

what is scientific research in conservations ?

Answer 27

- control of diseases - behaviour - improved animal husbandry - techniques to improve breeding

Question 28

what is captive breeding programmes in conservations ?

Answer 28

- increase number of animals at risk of extinction - release animals into the wild - maintain genetic diversity

Question 29

how do you maintain genetic diversity in a zoo ?

Answer 29

seed banks

Question 30

what is genetic drift ?

Answer 30

in a small population some of the alleles may not get passed on purely by chance

Question 31

why is it better to store than whole plants ? - adv

Answer 31

- takes up less space -easier to store -more cost effective

Question 32

why is it better to store than whole plants ? - dis

Answer 32

- taking plant sampled could damage the wild population

Question 33

how does seed banks work ? - 7

Answer 33

1. collect the seeds 2. X - ray the seeds 3. dry the seeds 4. pack the seeds 5. store the seeds 6. check germination 7. re storage