Biodiversity

Question 1

Define biodiversity

Answer 1

the variety of organisms in an area

Question 2

Name 3 types of biodiversity

Answer 2

habitat diversity
species diversity
genetic diversity

Question 3

Define habitat diversity

Answer 3

the range of habitats present in a region

Question 4

Define species biodiversity

Answer 4

the number of species and the number of individuals within each species in a specified area. It takes into
account species richness and species evenness.

Question 5

Define species richness

Answer 5

a measure of the number of different species in a community

Question 6

Define species evenness

Answer 6

a measure of the relative abundances of different species in an area.

Question 7

Define genetic diversity

Answer 7

the variety of all the genes (number of different alleles of genes) possessed by the individuals in a population or whole species

Question 8

What are alleles

Answer 8

different forms of the same gene

Question 9

Why is genetic diversity good?

Answer 9

greater the genetic diversity, the greater the ability of the
species to adapt to a changing environment

Question 10

How would you estimate genetic diversity?

Answer 10

Genetic diversity can be estimated by comparing physical characteristics or by analysing genomes

Question 11

species with more polymorphic genes have …

Answer 11

greater genetic diversity

Question 12

Formula for genetic diversity

Answer 12

no. of loci with more than one allele / total no. of loci X100

Question 13

What is Simpson’s diversity index

Answer 13

measure biodiversity taking into account species richness and evenness

Question 14

Simpson’s diversity index formula

Answer 14

1-sum(number of organisms of each species/total number of organisms of all species)^2

Question 15

List factors that affect biodiversity

Answer 15

Human population growth
Agriculture
Climate change

Question 16

How does human population growth impact biodiversity?

Answer 16

Human population growth increases the demand for resources from the environment

Question 17

How does Agriculture impact biodiversity?

Answer 17

Agriculture reduces biodiversity by monoculture, use of herbicide & pesticides, hedgerow removal and woodland
clearance

Question 18

How does climate change impact biodiversity?

Answer 18

Climate change is causing animals to migrate or die

Question 19

reasons to maintain biodiversity

Answer 19

Ecological
Economical
Aesthetic
Ethical

Question 20

ecological reasons to maintain biodiversity

Answer 20

ecosystems are more stable when biodiversity
is high.
Keystone species are a species which has a
disproportionate effect on its environment relative to its
abundance, their removal will greatly reduce the ability of an ecosystem to function

Question 21

Economical reasons to maintain biodiversity

Answer 21

provides resources