Karyote
Nucleus
Obligate intracellular parasite
Can only survive inside cells of living organisms
Extremophile
Lover of extremes
Peptidoglycan
Mixture of polysaccharide and amino acids
Flagella
Tendril-like outgrowths
Cilia
Hair-like structures
Sessile
Fixed to one point
Dinoflagellates
2 flagella bacteria
Protozoan
First animal
Pseudopodia
False feet
Plankton
Numerous microorganisms floating in currents of the open ocean
Taxonomist
A person who classifies organisms into groups based on shared features
Extracellular digestion
Use digestive enzymes to break down organic matter into a form they can absorb
Saprotrophic
Feeding on dead organisms and decaying organic matter
Hyphae
Mass of branched filaments enclosed by a rigid cell wall
Detritivores
An organism that uses organic waste as a food source (e.g. Some insects)
Human flora
Microorganisms (bacteria/ fungi) that live in the human body
- some useful
- majority = no beneficial effect/ harm
Viral load
Amount of HIV in a person’s blood
Cultivar
Plant variety produced by breeding
Virulent
Actively poisonous
Vector
Animal that carries a pathogen
Necrotic
Dying
MDR-TB
Organism resistant to 2 first line drugs
XDR-TB
Extremely drug resistant
- resistant to 3 or more 2nd line treatment drugs
Debilitating
To make weak or feeble
Anaemia
Destruction of red blood cells
ITN
Insect treated nets
Haustoria
Root-like structures
Topical
Applied directly to body’s surface
Keratin
Dead outermost layer of skin
Antigen
A protein/ layer polysaccharide molecule in the coat of a virus or a bacterium which causes B lymphocytes to make antibodies
Antibody
A protein made by B lymphocytes that destroys or neutralizes a germ
Phagocyte
Cell that eats
Phagocytosis
Phagocyte surrounds germ when in contact
- phagocyte engulfs pathogen
Vaccination (immunization)
The process of giving a vaccine to a person by injection or orally, to make them immune to a disease
Vaccine
Suspension of dead, weakened or fragmented microorganisms, or their toxins, that will stimulate the production of antibodies by the B lymphocytes (antibody cells), which will cause immunity.
Artificially acquired immunity
Uses vaccination
- most antibodies stay in blood giving long-lasting protection against the disease
Drug
Chemical substance used in treatment, cure or prevention of a disease/ disorder.
Antibiotic
Drugs that fight infections caused by bacteria
Super bug
Bacteria resistant to almost all known antibiotics
Pro
Before