Biodiversity and Conservation Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are Special Protection Areas (SPA) designated under
the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
What habitat designation is for areas of local conservation but has no statutory protection?
Wildlife Sites
What act are Marine Conservation Zones designated under
The Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009
What does conservation mean?
- Sound biosphere management within social and economic constraints
- Aims to produce goods and services for humans without depleting natural ecosystem service diversity.
What is the preservationist approach?
Protects species and landscapes without reference to human requirements or natural change in living systems.
What does being a signatory mean?
- Countries express initial support for a specific international convention or treaty by signing the document
- Does not necessarily entail legal obligations.
What is ratification?
- Formal approval and acceptance of a convention/treaty by a country’s competent authority
- Signifies commitment to be legally bound by the treaty’s terms.
What occurs after ratification of a treaty?
The country becomes a party to the treaty and is legally obligated to adhere to its terms.
What is accession in the context of treaties?
For countries who did not originally sign a convention/treaty, it allows them to become a party after the convention/treaty has come into force.
What is the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)?
An international legal instrument for the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits from genetic resources
196 out of 198 parties; Vatican City never signed, USA never ratified.
What is the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)?
Adopted during COP15, it includes 2050 goals and 2030 targets to enhance biodiversity.
What are the 2050 goals of the Kunming-Montreal GBF?
- Halt loss and restore nature
- Use lands and sea sustainably
- Share benefits and services
- Mobilise necessary resources
What are the 2030 targets of the Kunming-Montreal GBF?
- Protect at least 30% of land and sea for nature by 2030
- Restore at least 30% of terrestrial and marine ecosystems
What European Nature directive aims to protect wild birds and their habitats
- Directive 79/409/ECC on the conservation of Wild Birds 1979 (EC Birds Directive)
- Revised by Directive 2009/147/EC on the Conservation of Wild Birds 2009
- Revision combines with Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and Wild Fauna and Flora
What is required from member states under European ‘Nature Directives’?
Take measures to maintain or restore natural habitats and wild species to a favourable conservation status.
What are Special Areas of Conservation (SACS)?
- Areas identified as best representing the range and variety of habitats and species within the EU
- Enacted by the UK’s Habitats Directive
What are Special Protection Areas (SPA)?
Designated areas of important habitat for rare and migratory birds within the EU.
What are National Nature Reserves (NNRs)?
- Designated under the National Parks Act 1949 and the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
- Managed to conserve examples of important natural and semi-natural habitats and/or for scientific study of the habitats communities and species
What is the Nature Recovery Network?
- A major commitment in the governments 25 Year Environment Plan and enacted by the Environment Act 2021
- A single national ecological network of wildlife rich places
- Central to the governments apex goal of improving nature
What is the basis for protecting rare and threatened species?
Their status, not the designation of their habitat.
What does The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 mean for protected species?
(what is now an offence)
- Offence to disturb or harm protected species
- Offence to deliberately capture, kill, injure or disturb any protected animal or bird
- Protected species of plants and animals must not be kept transported sold, exchanged or advertised for sale
