Essay Flashcards
(7 cards)
1
Q
Under what act was Alphacell convicted under?
A
Rivers (Prevention of Pollution) Act 1951
2
Q
What act is Strict Liability now covered under?
A
Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016
3
Q
Thames Water case
A
- Thames Water v Environment Agency (2009)
- Chlorine leaked from a Thames Water facility into the River Wandle, devastating aquatic life and undoing decades of restoration work
- Company was fined just £125,000, plus £21,335 in costs
- 0.1% of Thames Water’s annual turnover
4
Q
Southern Water case
A
- 2021
- 51 offences involving the illegal discharge of untreated sewage across multiple sites between 2010 and 2015
- Fined £90 million
- Southern Water annual profit of £213 million
5
Q
How many successful prosecutions did the 2023 environment plan report and how much money did they amount to?
A
- 59 successful prosecutions since 2015
- Over £144 million in fines
6
Q
What reforms have DEFRA proposed?
A
- Redirecting fine revenue toward local environmental restoration,
- Increasing the maximum available penalties,
- Boosting enforcement budgets by £2.2 million per year.
7
Q
What act was strict liability codified under?
A
Section 85 of the Water Resources Act 1991
