Biodiversity Loss - 6 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is population diversity?
It refers to the size of the overall population, size and numbers of local populations, distribution, and genetic makeup.
Why is population diversity better for analyzing biodiversity loss?
It provides a comprehensive view of the various aspects of a population’s health and stability.
What is species diversity?
It refers to the differences between species and is most often used to quantify biodiversity loss.
What are the types of biodiversity?
Ecosystem diversity, species diversity, and genetic diversity.
What are the main causes of biodiversity loss?
Overexploitation, invasive species, and habitat loss.
What is overexploitation?
It occurs when the death rate exceeds the birth rate, leading to population decline.
What is an example of overexploitation?
Steller’s Seacow was hunted for profit and food, leading to its extinction.
How do invasive species affect biodiversity?
They affect 49% of threatened or endangered species in America.
What is the 10% rule regarding invasive species?
10% of introduced species take 10% of native species.
What is the impact of invasive species on landmass?
There is a linear relationship between species diversity and landmass.
What would happen if the earth was a single landmass?
We would lose 66% of mammal diversity and 48% of bird diversity.
What is an example of predation by invasive species?
Cats preying on New Zealand ground birds.
What is an example of competition and habitat alteration by invasive species?
Knapweed alters habitats and competes with native species.
What is hybridization in the context of invasive species?
It occurs when native species breed with more numerous invasive species, like the native Mediterranean White Duck with the Ruddy Duck.
What percentage of threatened or endangered species are affected by habitat loss?
85% of threatened or endangered species in America are affected by habitat loss.
What is a significant cause of habitat loss?
The area the size of South America is planted with crops annually.
What are the economic costs of fighting invasive species?
It costs the US $137 billion annually.
What is the intrinsic value of biodiversity?
Life is sacred and has inherent worth beyond economic benefits.
What are generalist species?
Species capable of living in a variety of environments.
What are endemic species?
Species that live in a specific area and are more likely to be affected by environmental changes.
What is a keystone species?
A species crucial to the structure of an ecosystem; without it, ecosystems could not function well.
What are the methods of preservation?
In situ (habitat conservation, regulation of land use) and ex situ (captive breeding, zoological parks, botanical gardens).
What is the reserve system?
A system designed by the government considering habitat, biogeography, and area.
What is the case of the Black Footed Ferret?
These ferrets were captured to reestablish a viable population due to their extremely small numbers.
