Biodiversity Unit Review

Question 1

What is the difference between extinction and extirpation?

Answer 1

Extinction is when an organism is not longer found on Earth and extirpation is when an organism is no longer found in a certain area.

Question 2

Why are extinction and extirpation bad?

Answer 2

Extinction and extirpation reduce biodiversity.

Question 3

In sexual reproduction, how much DNA comes from the female and how much DNA comes from the father?

Answer 3

You get half of your DNA from mom and half from the father.

Question 4

What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?

Answer 4

Mitosis happens in the body cells and each new cell created has a full set of DNA. Meiosis happens in the sex cells and each new cell created has half the DNA.

Question 5

What is overspecialization?

Answer 5

When an organism has a very narrow niche and cannot adapt easily to changes to its environment.

Question 6

What is a chromosome?

Answer 6

A structure found in the nucleus of cells that contains DNA or genetic information.

Question 7

What is the difference between heritable and non-heritable traits and give some examples?

Answer 7

Heritable traits are traits that are passed on by your parents and non-heritable traits are traits that are learned or acquired. -Heritable - eye color, skin color -Non-heritable - swimming ability, language, sports ability

Question 8

What are some human and natural causes of extinction/extirpation?

Answer 8

Human - Over-hunting, loss of habitat, climate change, air and water pollution Natural - Natural disasters (flooding, volcanic eruptions), over specialization, diseases

Question 9

What is the difference between cross, self and artificial pollination?

Answer 9

Cross pollination - pollen from one plant lands on the stigma of another plant Self pollination - pollen from one plant lands on the stigma of the same plant Artificial pollination - a plant is pollinated by man

Question 10

What type of artificial reproduction techniques would best be used in plants if you are trying to grow a plant with certain characteristics?

Answer 10

Cloning

Question 11

What is incomplete dominance? Example?

Answer 11

When neither trait is dominant an organism shows a mixed trait. Ex - A white flower (not dominant) and red flower (not dominant) are bred and they have pink flowers.

Question 12

What are the different types of symbiosis and give some examples?

Answer 12

Mutualism - Both organisms benefit Ex. A bird picks ticks off a cow - bird gets food and cow get bugs picked off its back Parasitism - One organism benefits and the other is harmed Ex. A tick and a human - tick feeds on your blood and you can get a disease Commensalism - One organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefits Ex. A bird building nest in tree - bird gets a home and tree doesn’t really benefit or get harmed

Question 13

What is natural selection?

Answer 13

When nature chooses what members of a species survive to pass on their genes and which ones do not

Question 14

What is variation?

Answer 14

Variation is all the little differences among organisms

Question 15

What are the four types of asexual reproduction?

Answer 15

Binary Fission - Happens in single celled organisms and the cell duplicates DNA and splits. New cells have full DNA. Budding - Parent produces a bud which detaches and becomes new individual. Spore Production - Similar to seeds and each spore turns into individuals identical to parent. Vegetative Reproduction - Reproduction of plant not involving seeds. Uses cuttings, runners, suckers and tubers.

Question 16

What is a niche?

Answer 16

The role an organism plays in an ecosystem

Question 17

What is resource partitioning?

Answer 17

When two or more species niches overlap and they must work out a way to share the resources.

Question 18

What area of Earth is the most biodiversity found?

Answer 18

Equator region and tropical rain forests.

Question 19

What is ex situ conservation? Examples?

Answer 19

Ex-Situ conservation is where you conserve organisms outside of nature. An example would be zoos, seed banks, aquariums.

Question 20

What are some examples of environmental change?

Answer 20

Global warming, a disease infecting animals, natural disasters, etc.

Question 21

What are the four different types of biotechnology and explain each?

Answer 21

In Vitro fertilization - Egg and Sperm are combined outside the females body and then the fertilized egg is inserted back into the female. Artificial Insemination - Sperm is artificially inserted into the female and the egg is fertilized inside the female. Cloning - Making identical copies of an organism. Genetic Engineering - Directly changing the DNA of an organism.

Question 22

What does DNA do?

Answer 22

Carries the genetic code for all living organisms.

Question 23

What are the 5 components of biodiversity and explain each?

Answer 23

Ecosystem Diversity - Having a variety of ecosystems Species Diversity - Having variation within a species Genetic Diversity - Having a variety of genetic material in living organisms Community Diversity - Having populations of different species living within a community Species Distribution Diversity - Plant and animal species are not evenly distributed in throughout Earth’s ecosystems.

Question 24

How many copies of a recessive trait are needed for a recessive trait to show? What about a dominant trait?

Answer 24

Need one copy of a dominant trait for it to show and two copies of a recessive trait are needed for recessive traits to show.

Question 25

Know what is formed when gametes combine?

Answer 25

When gametes combine a zygote is formed. Next an embryo is formed.

Question 26

Label the parts of a plant.

Answer 26

Question 27

What two things determine how variation shows in an individual?

Answer 27

DNA and the environment can determine how variation shows in individuals.

Question 28

What is the difference between discrete and continuous variation and know some examples?

Answer 28

Discrete variation has a very few or limited options and continuous variation has a wide range of options

Question 29

What are some differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Answer 29

Sexual: Lots of variation Requires two individuals Involves gametes Requires lots of energy Smaller populations Offspring are a combination of both parents Asexual: No variation Requires one individual Doesn’t involve gametes Requires little energy Large populations Offspring are identical to parent

Question 30

What is the difference between a population and community?

Answer 30

Population - Group of individuals of one species living in an area Community - A group of populations of different species living in an area