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Molecules to Medicine Subblock 1 > Bioenergetics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Bioenergetics Deck (16)
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1
Q

Entropy: definition

A

Energy that cannot be used to do work. Measure of disorder. Price you pay for the work you do.

2
Q

Enthalpy:

A

Energy that can be used to do work. Total energy in a thermodynamic system.

3
Q

Catabolism

A

Breaking down energy-containing molecules like food to energy-depleted molecules like CO2, H2O, and NH3.

4
Q

Electron carriers

A

NADH, NADPH, FADH2. (ATP can also store energy)

5
Q

anabolism

A

AA, sugars, Fatty acids, nitrogenous bases -> proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids

6
Q

Free Energy

A

The component of the total energy of a system that can do work at constant temperature and pressure

7
Q

High energy compounds

A

ATP (phospoanhydride bond, acetyl CoA (thioester bond), Phosphocreatin (P-N) Phophoenolpyruvate (C-O-P)

8
Q

Examples of kinetic energy in cell

A

Radiant: from sun.
Thermal: some reactions need a certain heat or thermal energy to proceed
Mechanical energy: movement of cells and cell components
Electric Energy: movement of charged particles down a electrical potential gradients

9
Q

Examples of potential energy in cell

A

Stored in: Chemical bonds, electrical potential gradients (electric fields), concentration gradients, redox pairs

10
Q

First law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can be transferred and converted.

11
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

Entropy of the Universe is always increasing.

12
Q

Equation relating Free Energy to Enthalpy and Entropy (for a chemical reaction)

A

ΔG=ΔH - TΔS

13
Q

Equation relating Free Energy to product/reactant concentrations (for a concentration gradient)

A

ΔG = ΔGo + RT ln [products]/[reactants]

14
Q

Equation relating free energy to equilibrium constant

A

ΔGo = -RT ln Keq

15
Q

Equation relating Free Energy to reduction potential

A

ΔG = -nFΔE

16
Q

rate of a reaction

A

Forward: proportional to product of reactant concentrations
Reverse: proportional to product of product concentrations