Bioenergetics

Question 1

What are the uses of glucose in plants?

Answer 1

Glucose can be converted into starch (supports growth), fat (sources of energy), cellulose (maintaining plant stability) and amino acids (stimulate plant growth).

Question 2

What are the uses of energy from respiration?

Answer 2

Chemical reactions build larger molecules, movement and keeping warm.

Question 3

What are the two word equations for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 3

Glucose > Lactic acid.
Glucose > Carbon dioxide + Ethanol.

Question 4

What are the changes in the body during exercise?

Answer 4

In aerobic respiration, the heart and breathing rate and breath volume increase to supply muscles with more oxygenated blood and glucose. In anaerobic respiration, a build-up of lactic acid creates an oxygen debt. During long periods of vigorous activity, muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently.

Question 5

What are the long-term effects of exercise on the heart and lungs?

Answer 5

An increase in lung volume and heart stroke volume (more blood can be pumped).

Question 6

What is metabolic rate?

Answer 6

The rate of chemical reactions in cells.

Question 7

What reactions does metabolism do?

Answer 7

Catabolic (breaking down) and anabolic (building up) reactions in the body.