Bioenergetics:the Role of ATP

Question 1

Study of energy changes accompanying biochemical reaction

Answer 1

Bioenergetics or biochemical thermodynamics

Question 2

Occurs when available energy reserves are depleted

Answer 2

Starvation

Question 3

Energy imbalance

Answer 3

Marasmus

Question 4

Control the rate of energy release

Answer 4

Thyroid hormone

Question 5

Cause of excess storage of surplus enery

Answer 5

Obesity

Question 6

Obesity predisposes to what diseases

Answer 6

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, and lower life expectancy

Question 7

Portion of the total energy change in a system that is available for doing work

Answer 7

Gibbs change in free energy

Question 8

The total energy of system, including its surroundings, remain constant

Answer 8

First law of thermodynamics

Question 9

It states that energy is neither lost nor gained but may be transferred

Answer 9

First law of thermodynamics

Question 10

The total entropy of a system must increase if a process is to occur spontaneously

Answer 10

Second law of thermodynamics

Question 11

As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of the system approaches a constant minimum

Answer 11

Third law of thermodynamics

Question 12

If two thermodynamic systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other

Answer 12

Zeroth law

Question 13

They utilize simple exergonic process

Answer 13

Autotrophs

Question 14

They obtain free energy by coupling their metabolism to the breakdown of complex organic molecules

Answer 14

Heterotrophs

Question 15

Breakdown of oxidation of fuel molecules

Answer 15

Catabolism

Question 16

Build up substance

Answer 16

Anabolism

Question 17

Combination of anabolism and catabolism

Answer 17

Metabolism

Question 18

Measure of extent of disorderliness

Answer 18

Entropy

Question 19

Measure of changes in heat content of reactant and products

Answer 19

Enthalpy

Question 20

Characterized by loss of energy, spontaneous and favorable

Answer 20

Exergonic reaction

Question 21

Characterized as gain of energy, non spontaneous, and unfavorable

Answer 21

Endergonic reaction

Question 22

It is the energy currency of the cell

Answer 22

Adenosine triphosphate or ATP

Question 23

Where is ATP produced?

Answer 23

Cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 24

How is ATP produced?

Answer 24

Oxidative phosphorylation

Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 25

What are the composition of ATP?

Answer 25

Adenine Ribose 3 phosphate groups

Question 26

Storage forms of high energy phosphate

Answer 26

Phosphagen

Question 27

A high energy phosphate found in vertebrate skeletal muscle, heart, spermatozoa and brain

Answer 27

Creatine phosphate

Question 28

A high energy phosphate found in invertebrate muscle

Answer 28

Arginine phosphate

Question 29

The greatest quantitative source of free energy in aerobic organism

Answer 29

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 30

A net formation of 2 free energy results from the formation of lactate from one molecule of glucose generated into two reactions catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase

Answer 30

Glycolysis

Question 31

1 free energy is generated directly in the cycle at the succinate thiokinase step

Answer 31

The citric acid cycle

Question 32

Over all net change

Answer 32

Exergonic reaction

Question 33

A reaction that cannot exist independently

Answer 33

Endergonic process

Question 34

Reaction proceed spontaneously with loss of energy

Answer 34

G is negative

Question 35

Proceed only if free energy can be gained

Answer 35

G is positive

Question 36

The greatest quantitative source if P in aerobic organism

Answer 36

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 37

A net formation of 2 P results in the formation of lactate deom one molecule of glucose generated in two reactions catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase

Answer 37

Glycolysis

Question 38

One P is generated directly in the cycle of succinate thiokinase step

Answer 38

Citric acid cycle

Question 39

Acts as storage forms of high energy phosphate

Answer 39

Phosphagen