Bioethics

Question 1

What is Bioethics

Answer 1

• Study of ethical issues emerging in biology and medicine.

- Concerned with ethical questions regarding the biological science

Question 2

What is medical ethics

Answer 2

is an applied branch of ethics which analyzes the practice of clinical medicine and related scientific research.

Question 3

What is ethics

Answer 3

is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong

Question 4

How is ethics different from morality

Answer 4

• Morality refer to a single concrete act

- Ethics is the conclusion whether that action in the end is good or evil

Question 5

Types of Ethical systems

Answer 5

1. utilitarianism
2. Consequentialism
3. Proportionalism

Question 6

What is utilitarianism?

Answer 6

promotes “the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people.”

Question 7

What is Consequentialism

Answer 7

suggests an action is good or bad depending on its outcome.

Question 8

What is Proportionalism

Answer 8

asserts that one can determine the right course of action by weighing up the good and the necessary evil caused by the action

Question 9

Moral relativism

Answer 9

States there are no absolute rules to know if something is right or wrong

Question 10

States that there are objective moral principles by which we can decide whether an action is right and wrong

Answer 10

Thomistic Aristolenian

Question 11

What separate us from the animals

Answer 11

our freedom to enact one’s decision

Question 12

A special set of laws that govern our humanity (AKA. our moral compass)

Answer 12

The Natural Moral Law

Question 13

Arguments against the objective law

Answer 13

Different cultures have their own set of their beliefs hence their own objective laws

Question 14

Role of the 10 commandments and our moral law

Answer 14

gives us a working guide on the natural moral law

Question 15

Can human laws be used as basis for morality?

Answer 15

Should be analyzed and scrutinized by the highest authority of a group

Question 16

4 principles of health care ethics

Answer 16

1. Principle of Autonomy
2. Principle of Beneficence
3. Principle of Justice
4. Principle of Non maleficence

Question 17

3 components to free human acts

Answer 17

1. Moral object
2. Intention
3. Circumstances

Question 18

What is The Moral object?

Answer 18

It is the object that primarily specifies an action as morally good or bad

Question 19

Example of Moral object

Answer 19

The action of a surgeon and a murder when it comes to inserting a sharp knife into a human body

Question 20

What is Intention?

Answer 20

The human act is the end purpose or goal of the doer of the action or the “Why” of the act

Question 21

Example of Intention

Answer 21

Surgeon can be doing what he does for the good of it, for profit or for approval. Same goes for the murderer

Question 22

What is Circumstances

Answer 22

are affected by the when, where and how that determines if a situation’s moral ambiguity is good or bad

Question 23

Example of Circumstances

Answer 23

When, where, and how did the surgeon perform his operation and the murderer his killing

Question 24

How do physicians enact a paternalism model

Answer 24

Physician knows everything and act as the father

Question 25

How do physicians enact the Principle of informed

Answer 25

inform their patient the risk and possible scenarios that would occur to them ahead of time.

Question 26

Two types of Principle of Informed

Answer 26

1. General Consent | 2. Informed consent

Question 27

is required before the patient can be examined or treated or before minor testing can be done

Answer 27

General Consent

Question 28

is required (generally) before an invasive procedure that carries a material risk of harm can be performed.

Answer 28

Informed consent

Question 29

Physician may opt to inform the relatives in order for them to know the condition of the patient with the due permission from the deceased

Answer 29

Principle of disclosure

Question 30

states that a harmful effect of treatment, even resulting in death, is permissible if it is not intended and occurs as a side effect of a beneficial action.

Answer 30

Principle of double effect

Question 31

Where the physician would have no choice but to respect his decision

Answer 31

Principle of Autonomy