BIOETHICS AND ITS APPLICATION IN VARIOUS HEALTH CARE

Question 1

is the expulsion of a living fetus from the mother’s womb before it is viable.

Answer 1

Abortion

Question 2

deliberately induced expulsion of a living fetus in order to save the mother from the danger of death brought on by pregnancy.

Answer 2

Therapeutic abortion

Question 3

the expulsion of the fetus through natural or accidental causes.

Answer 3

Natural abortion

Question 4

is defined as deliberately putting to death, in an easy, painless way, of an individual suffering from an incurable condition or disease.

Answer 4

Euthanasia

Question 5

is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered into in accordance with the law for the establishment of conjugal and family life (Executive Order No.209, Family Code of the Philippines)

Answer 5

Marriage

Question 6

means slow and painful death without quality of life.

Answer 6

Dysthanasia

Question 7

is the way in which we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings

Answer 7

Human sexulity

Question 8

is sexual activity between two people who are not married to each other.Usually, both parties are unmarried

Answer 8

Premarital sex

Question 9

is sex occurring outside marriage, usually referring to when a married person engages in sexual activity with someone other than their marriage partner

Answer 9

Extramarital sex

Question 10

child’s capability to live independently of its mother after it has left the womb.

Answer 10

Viability

Question 11

defined as the voluntary prevention of conception by the positive use of artificial means which hinder the generative cells from uniting during the sexual act.

Answer 11

Contraception

Question 12

consists of depositing a man’s semen in the vagina, cervical canal, or uterus, through the use of instruments (syringes) to bring about conception unattained or unattainable by sexual intercourse.

Answer 12

Artificial Insemination

Question 12

Two types of Artificial Insemination

Answer 12

Homologous insemination(AIH)
Heterologous (AID)

Question 13

in which the semen is obtained from the husband himself.

Answer 13

Homologous insemination(AIH)

Question 14

2 METHODS OF AIH

Answer 14

Homologous artificial insemination
Homologous IVF and ET(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer)

Question 15

a technique used to facilitate human conception through the transfer into a woman’s vagina of the sperm previously extracted from her husband (with an AI specialist’s instruction, a woman can artificially inseminate herself by using a medical syringe; hence, this is sometimes called “do- it-yourself AI)

Answer 15

Homologous artificial insemination

Question 16

the technique used to facilitate a human conception through in Vitro fertilization of the generative cells (sperm & ovum)of the couple – the newly conceived embryo is transferred into a wife’s uterus for gestation(hence the method is also known as embryo transfer (Shannon1987;603)

Answer 16

Homologous IVF and ET(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer)

Question 16

a technique in which the semen is Acquired from a donor other than the husband.

Answer 16

Heterologous (AID)

Question 17

the technique used to obtain a human conception through the transfer into the genital tracts of the wife of the sperm previously extracted from a donor other than the husband

Answer 17

Heterologous artificial insemination

Question 18

the technique used to obtain a human conception through invitro fertilization of the generative cells (sperm and egg)taken from at least one donor other than the two spouses in marriage (Shannon;603) That is , if the husband is the one who has a defect, the donor (or third party) is another man; if it is the wife who has a defect, the donor is another woman. If the wife’s oocytes are defective, the process to be employed is medically known as“ovum donor treatment.”

Answer 18

Heterologous IVF and ET,

Question 19

is a biomedical technique whereby a fertilized ovum is implanted into the uterus of another who will carry the baby to term either as a favor or for a fee

Answer 19

Surrogate Motherhood/Surrogacy

Question 20

Types of Abortion:

Answer 20

1. Natural abortion/ Spontaneous/ Miscarriage
2. Direct /intentional abortion
3. Therapeutic abortion
4. Eugenic abortion
5. Indirect abortion

Question 21

this type of abortion is unintentional and involuntary, and hence devoid of moral significance.

Answer 21

Natural abortion/ Spontaneous/ Miscarriage

Question 22

this is recommended in case where certain defects are discovered in the developing fetus

Answer 22

Eugenic abortion

Question 23

in this case, the removal of the fetus occurs as a secondary effect of legitimate or licit action, which is the direct and primary object of intention.

Answer 23

Indirect abortion

Question 24

is the disapproving view of abortion

Answer 24

The Prolife position

Question 25

Justifications for the expulsion of the fetus may be classified into:

Answer 25

1. Personal 2. Social reasons 3. Fetal reasons

Question 26

a. It underscores freedom of choice, giving centrality to the sovereignty of the individual’s conscience, especially in grey areas of morality b. It liberates decisions from the control of the church, a woman will bear the consequences of her own moral decisions c. It safeguards the mother from a pregnancy that would threaten her life possibly resulting in a cancerous uterus, therapeutic abortion, or ectopic pregnancy. d. It protects the reputation of the woman in cases of pregnancy due to rape and incest

Answer 26

Personal

Question 27

a. preventing the births of malformed or defective children b. Child deformity will cause the family to incur staggering financial and psychological costs c. Postnatal method of eliminating a couple’s offspring if its sex is found to be undesirable

Answer 27

Fetal reasons

Question 27

means worthiness and nobility.

Answer 27

Dignity

Question 28

Physiological definition. A person is dead when the heart has stopped beating. Religious or philosophical definition. Means the separation of body and soul.

Answer 28

Death

Question 29

refer to a condition in which the brain is completely destroyed, and in which the cessation of function of all other organs are imminent and inevitable

Answer 29

Brain death

Question 30

“easy death” (from the Greek eu-easy Thanatos- “death Painless, peaceful death

Answer 30

Euthanasia (Mercy killing)

Question 31

refer to deliberate action taken with the intention of ending a life, in order to relieve persistent suffering

Answer 31

euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide

Question 32

terminally ill patient will deliberately, directly terminate his life by employing painless methods- it is an act of commission insofar as it is voluntary and deliberate

Answer 32

Active (Positive) Euthanasia

Question 33

in w/c one allows oneself to die without taking any medicine or by refusing medical treatment- it is act of omission insofar as one simply refuses to take anything to sustain life.  Is when life-sustaining treatment are withheld.

Answer 33

Passive (Negative)Euthanasia

Question 34

is where the sick person wishes to terminate their own life but needs help to carry out this act.

Answer 34

Assisted suicide

Question 35

also known as bitterness or aggressive therapy, as it takes into account the suffering of the dying. it is a practice that aims to extended the life of terminal patients, but subjects them to much suffering.

Answer 35

Dysthanasia

Question 36

A normal or natural manner of death and dying, sometimes used to denote the deliberate stopping of artificial or heroic means of maintaining life

Answer 36

Orthothanasia

Question 37

Are legal documents that allow you to spell out your decisions about end-of-life care ahead of time

Answer 37

Advance Directives

Question 38

* The living will* Durable power of attorney for health care/Medical power of attorney * POLST (Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment) * Do not resuscitate (DNR) orders * Organ and tissue donation

Answer 38

Advance Directives

Question 39

A do-not-resuscitate order, or DNR order, is a medical order written by a doctor. It instructs health care providers not to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if a the patient's breathing stops or if the patient's heart stops beating

Answer 39

DNR or End of Life Care Plan

Question 40

The steps of the ethical decision-making process:

Answer 40

- Problem Definition - Data Collection - Data Analysis. - The Identification, Exploration and Generation of Possible Solutions to the Problem and the Implications of Each - Selecting the Best Possible Solution. - Performing the Selected Desired Course of Action to Resolve the Ethical Dilemma - Evaluating the Results of the Action.