biofuels

Question 1

global demand for fuel is

Answer 1

increasing

Question 2

problems with traditional, non renewable sources of fuel include

Answer 2

declining reserves,
supply subject to distribution
rising cost
impact on climate change

Question 3

conversion of biomass to fuel is done by

Answer 3

microorganisms

Question 4

EU commission proposed what by 2020

Answer 4

target of 10% substitututuion of fuel to biofuel.

Question 5

when did the EU commissions target become halved

Answer 5

september 2012

Question 6

a study in 2014 determined what about carbon emission from producing biofuels from crops

Answer 6

is up to 60% higher than previously thought

Question 7

name the three types of biofuel

Answer 7

Bioethanol
Biobutanol
biodiesel

Question 8

sewage treatment plants generate?

Answer 8

own energy

Question 9

Biogen Greenfinch is what

Answer 9

anaerobic digester food waste plant at Ludlow

Question 10

BioGas is

Answer 10

anaerobic bacteria using waste material as biomass

Question 11

Bioethanol is

Answer 11

the first generation biofuel

Question 12

how is bioethanol produced

Answer 12

use of food crops as biomass such as sugar cane and corn with yeast

Question 13

problems with bioethanol include

Answer 13

impact on environment: increase in green house gasses,
deforestation,
loss of land for food production
water quality due to excess N and P fertiliser use

Question 14

why is there such a need for a second generation bioethanol

Answer 14

due to the problems with Bioethanol

Question 15

what is the second generation bioethanol and how is it produced

Answer 15

using cellulosic biomass grown on marginal land rather than agricultural areas

Question 16

second generation bioethanol has less production of what

Answer 16

green house gasses

Question 17

second bioethanol is not a ….

Answer 17

food crop

Question 18

what are the advantages of the bioconversion of lignocellulose to bioethanol

Answer 18

uses biomass from residues from other processes

agricultural residues - corn cobs and wheat straw.

Forestry residue - hardwood/softwood

specific energy crops such as switch grass or fast growing poplar

Question 19

name the three steps involved in coverting lignocellulose into single sugars

Answer 19

pre treatment :

Physical - chipping, grinding

Chemical - acid/alkali/organic solvent

Fungal enzymes - trichoderma

Question 20

single sugars from the lignocellulose is converted into a biofuel via

Answer 20

fermentation using yeast

Question 21

what are the disadvantages of bioconversion from lignocellulose to bioethanol

Answer 21

recalcitrance of wood matrix,
range of enzymes needed
inhibitory effect of lignin and its derivative on later stages of processing

Question 22

micro algae can be used to produce …

Answer 22

bioethanol

Question 23

micro algae have complex what in cell walls

Answer 23

carbohydrates

Question 24

how is micro algae converted into bioethanol

Answer 24

released and converted into simple sugars by pre treatment

Question 25

give an example of pre treatment from micro algae

Answer 25

3% sulphuric acid for 20 mins at 110 degrees

Question 26

how are the simple sugars converted into bioethanol

Answer 26

via Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 27

BioBUTANOL can be blended with

Answer 27

petrol and diesel

Question 28

BioBUTANOL has better what than ethanol

Answer 28

energy density and performance

Question 29

Biobutanol can be made from what in comparison to biodiesel

Answer 29

more sustainable feedstock

Question 30

what type of feed stock could be used to make BIOBUTANOL

Answer 30

cellulosic feed stock such as waste corn residues municipal solid waste can also be used

Question 31

which enzyme is primarily involved in producion of BioBUTANOL

Answer 31

clostridium

Question 32

Biodiesel production reduced by ----- in 2015 after doubling in the past 5 years

Answer 32

4.9%

Question 33

how is biodiesel currently produced

Answer 33

from vegetable oils UK/ Europe uses oil seed rape warmer climates use sunflower and palm oil

Question 34

all oils are too --- to be used directly

Answer 34

viscous so need pre treatment

Question 35

micro algae have a higher production for which biofuel

Answer 35

BioDiesel

Question 36

microalage is grown in what for BIODIESEL

Answer 36

photobiocreactors

Question 37

micro algae is harvested by what in production of biodiesel

Answer 37

filtration