GM vaccine Flashcards
(53 cards)
how many people suffer from diseases which could be preventable via vaccination
2 billion
what does current research focus on
DNA plasmids vectors transgenic plants viruses non pathogenic organisms
antibiotics have no
immunological memory
antibiotics increase the risk of
resistant strains of pathogen
antibiotics do not work against
viruses
how can we prevent the disease
vaccination
define vaccination
exposing a person to material that is antigen but not pathogenic
currently have vaccinations for many diseases such as
TB - BCG chicken pox measles diphtheria yellow fever polio mumps
what was the mortality rate of small pox
30%
who performed first experimental vaccination
edward jenner
when was small pox virus deemed irradiated
1977
how does a vaccine wotk
stimulates immune system via antibodies
creates memory cells so antibodies are quicker next time
what is the 2 pronged attack
helper T and B lymphocyte
what type of a response is B lymphocyte
humoral - attack outside cells
what do killer T cells do
attack infected cells and pathogen inside
when does proliferation of B cells occur
primary response when first infected
how long is required for the B cells to generate the maximum effector cell response
10-17 days
if body is exposed to an antigen again later how long does it take for B cells to generate the maximum effector response
2-7 days
what is secondary exposure known as
secondary response
what makes a vaccine safe
doesn’t cause illness or death
what makes a vaccine protective
protects against illness resulting from exposure from pathogen
how long should the protection from a vaccine last
at least few years
what are practical considerations for vaccines
low cost
biologically stable
ease of administration
few side effects
what does polo vaccine need and why
neutralising antibody as polio infects neutrons which cannot be replaced
