Biogenetics Flashcards
(22 cards)
Photosynthesis is represented by the equation:
carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
Symbol equation for photosynthesis?
CO2, H2O, O2 and C6H12O6.
The glucose in photosynthesis may be used for what?
• used for respiration
• converted into insoluble starch for storage
• used to produce fat or oil for storage
• used to produce cellulose, which strengthens the cell wall
• used to produce amino acids for protein synthesis.
The energy transferred supplies what for the living process?
all the energy needed for living processes.
Respiration in cells can take place aerobically? What do they mean?
By using oxygen
Respiration can take place in cells anaerobically? What does this mean?
Without oxygen
Organisms need energy for:
• chemical reactions to build larger molecules
• movement
• keeping warm
Aerobic respiration is represented by the equation:
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
Chemical symbols for Aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6, O2, CO2 and H2O.
Anaerobic respiration in muscles is represented by the equation:
Glucose -> lactic acid
As the oxidation of glucose is incomplete in anaerobic respiration, what happens to the energy?
much less energy is transferred than in aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells is represented by the equation:
glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called what?
fermentation
Why is fermentation important in Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells ?
has economic importance in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks.
During exercise the human body reacts to what?
the increased demand for energy.
The heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase during exercise to supply what?
to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood.
If insufficient oxygen is supplied what takes place?
anaerobic respiration takes place in muscles.
The incomplete oxidation of glucose causes a build up of what?
Lactic acid
During long periods of vigorous activity muscles become
fatigued and stop contracting efficiently.
What is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body?
Metabolism
The energy transferred by respiration in cells is used by what?
the organism for the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules.
Metabolism includes:
• conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
• the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol
and three molecules of fatty acids
• the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which
in turn are used to synthesise proteins
• respiration
• breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion.
