Infection and Response

Question 1

What are pathogens?

Answer 1

are microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria that cause infectious diseases in animals and plants.

Question 2

How do pathogens effect the body?

Answer 2

They frequently produce toxins that damage tissues and make us feel ill.

Question 3

How does the vaccination help us?

Answer 3

Protects us from pathogens affecting our body

Question 4

Explain in detail what pathogens are?

Answer 4

are microorganisms that cause infectious disease.

Question 5

What are the 4 different disease pathogens can be?

Answer 5

Viruses, bacteria, protease and fungi

Question 6

What can pathogens be spread by?

Answer 6

Air, water or direct contact

Question 7

What disease reproduces rapidly inside the body.

Answer 7

Virus and infections

Question 8

How does bacteria damage the body?

Answer 8

Produce toxins that damage tissue and make us feel Ill

Question 9

How does viruses damage the body?

Answer 9

They live and reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage.

Question 10

Measles symptoms

Answer 10

A red skin rash

Question 11

How to prevent measles?

Answer 11

Getting vaccinated at a young age

Question 12

How is the measles virus spread?

Answer 12

inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs.

Question 13

HIV symptoms?

Answer 13

Flu like symptoms

Question 14

How does measles damage the body

Answer 14

Attacks the immune cells

Question 15

How to prevent HIV?

Answer 15

Use protection or antiretroviral drugs

Question 16

How is HIV spread?

Answer 16

Through sexual contact or exchange of body fluids such a blood.

Question 17

What does TMV stand for?

Answer 17

Tobacco mosaic virus

Question 18

What is TMV?

Answer 18

is a widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants including tomatoes.

Question 19

Symptoms of TMV?

Answer 19

distinctive ‘mosaic’ pattern of discolouration on the leaves

Question 20

How does TMV affect the plant?

Answer 20

It affects the growth of the plant due to lack of photosynthesis

Question 21

Name two bacterial diseases?

Answer 21

Salmonella food poising and Gonorrhoea

Question 22

How is salmonella food poising spread?

Answer 22

Through bacteria I’m indigested food or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions

Question 23

How do people prevent salmonella food poisoning?

Answer 23

Some people are vaccinated against it

Question 24

What are the symptoms of salmonella food poisoning?

Answer 24

Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea

Question 25

What is gonorrhoea?

Answer 25

A sexually transmitted disease

Question 26

Gonorrhoea symptoms?

Answer 26

Thick yellow or green discharge that enters out from the vagina or penis

Question 27

How is gonorrhoea spread?

Answer 27

Through having sex with a partner who carry’s lots of bacterium

Question 28

How can gonorrhoea be prevented?

Answer 28

Antibiotics, or protections

Question 29

What’s is a fungal disease?

Answer 29

Black spot

Question 30

Symptoms of black spot?

Answer 30

Purple or black spots develop on the leaf

Question 31

How does the black spot damage the plant?

Answer 31

the growth of the plant as photosynthesis is reduced.

Question 32

How is the black spot spread?

Answer 32

Through the environment or water and wind

Question 33

How can rose black spot be treated?

Answer 33

fungicides and/or removing and destroying the affected leaves.

Question 34

What is a protists disease?

Answer 34

The pathogens that cause malaria are protists.

Question 35

The malarial protist has a life cycle that includes what?

Answer 35

The mosquitoe

Question 36

Symptoms of malaria?

Answer 36

Episodes of fever which can be fatal

Question 37

The spread of malaria is controlled by what?

Answer 37

Mosquito nets

Question 38

Name some defence the body has to communicable diseases?

Answer 38

Skin Nose Trachea and bronchi Stomach

Question 39

White blood cells help to defend against pathogens by:

Answer 39

• phagocytosis • antibody production • antitoxin production

Question 40

What is the vaccination and what does it do?

Answer 40

Introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies.

Question 41

How does the vaccination affect the disease when it enters our immune system?

Answer 41

white blood cells respond quickly to produce the correct antibodies, preventing infection.

Question 42

What are antibiotics and what do they do?

Answer 42

are medicines that help to cure bacterial disease by killing infective bacteria inside the body

Question 43

Painkillers and other medicines are used to?

Answer 43

kill viruses without also damaging the body’s tissues.

Question 44

Where were drugs originally made from?

Answer 44

Willow / foxgloves / penicillium mould

Question 45

How are new drugs are so safe?

Answer 45

They get tested before hand on other patients or animals, they also get tested for toxins