Biogeochemical cycle

Question 1

states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed; can only be transformed from one form to another

Answer 1

law of conservation of mass

Question 2

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Answer 2

matter

Question 3

a chemical substance that sustain life

Answer 3

nutrient

Question 4

What cycles through the biosphere?

Answer 4

matter and nutrients

Question 5

What are the cycles happening in the biosphere called?

Answer 5

biogeochemical cycle

Question 6

Events by which nutrients flow between biotic and abiotic components of the earth

Answer 6

biogeochemical cycle

Question 7

places where elements are kept for long period of time

Answer 7

reservoir

Question 8

Water cycle

Answer 8

hydrologic cycle

Question 9

Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen cycle

Answer 9

atmospheric cycle

Question 10

phosphorus cycle

Answer 10

sedimentary cycle

Question 11

readily accessible freshwater – which is found in…

Answer 11

rivers, lakes, wetlands and aquifers

Question 12

68% of freshwater is in

Answer 12

glaciers

Question 13

.3% of freshwater is in

Answer 13

surface water

Question 14

30% of freshwater is in

Answer 14

aquifers

Question 15

water → water vapor through solar energy

Answer 15

evaporation

Question 16

water in plants → water vapor

Answer 16

transpiration

Question 17

solid water → water vapor

Answer 17

sublimation

Question 18

Water vapor condenses to form water droplets (clouds, fog, dew)

Answer 18

condensation

Question 19

Water droplets fall (rain, snow or ice/hail)

Answer 19

precipitation

Question 20

Water vapor → ice (snow and frost)

Answer 20

deposition

Question 21

rate at which water enters a soil

Answer 21

infiltration

Question 22

rate at which water moves through a soil

Answer 22

percolation

Question 23

flow of water to drainage basin or watershed

Answer 23

runoff

Question 24

place where water is kept

Answer 24

storage

Question 25

All living things are composed of

Answer 25

carbon

Question 26

framework for all biomolecules

Answer 26

carbon

Question 27

plays a critical role in respiration, the energy-producing chemistry that drives the metabolisms of most living things

Answer 27

oxygen

Question 28

Plants take up carbon dioxide from the air to carry out photosynthesis. This is when carbon enters the land food webs.

Answer 28

photosynthesis

Question 29

Plants and all living things carry out aerobic respiration. Carbon returns to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide

Answer 29

cellular respiration

Question 30

Carbon diffuses between the atmosphere and the ocean. Carbon dioxide becomes bicarbonate when it dissolves in ocean water

Answer 30

Formation of bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

Question 31

Marine producers take up bicarbonate for use in photosynthesis, and marine organisms release carbon dioxide produced by aerobic respiration

Answer 31

Aquatic photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 32

marine organisms incorporate carbons into their shells. These shells become part of the sediments. Over time, these become carbon-rich rocks

Answer 32

sedimentation

Question 33

derived from the ancient remains of plants adds additional carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

Answer 33

burning of fossil fuels

Question 34

formation of amino acid into proteins

Answer 34

nitrogen

Question 35

can plants use N2?

Answer 35

no, because they don't have the enzymes for it

Question 36

Lightning can convert nitrogen gas to...?

Answer 36

nitrates

Question 37

reservoir of nitrogen gas (N2) .

Answer 37

atmosphere

Question 38

Nitrogen (N2) → Ammonia (NH3) which dissolves and forms...

Answer 38

ammonium ions (NH4+)

Question 39

Nitrogen (N2) → Ammonia (NH3) → ammonium ions (NH4+) is done by what bacteria?

Answer 39

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Question 40

Nitrogen (N2) → Ammonia (NH3) which dissolves and forms ammonium ions (NH4+) done by nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Answer 40

ammonification

Question 41

Plant roots take up ammonium from the soil then incorporate it in their proteins and nucleic acids

Answer 41

plant assimilation

Question 42

Consumers get nitrogen by eating plants or one another

Answer 42

consumer assimilation

Question 43

When consumer dies, bacterial and fungal decomposer breaks down nitrogen-rich waste and remains of organism and adds ammonium to the soil

Answer 43

decomposition

Question 44

Ammonium (NH4+) brought by decomposers is converted into nitrate (NO3 -) by nitrifying bacteria

Answer 44

nitrification

Question 45

What bacteria converts ammonium (NH4+) -> nitrate (NO3 -)?

Answer 45

nitrifying bacteria

Question 46

Nitrate would be taken up form the soil by producers then producers would be eaten by consumers

Answer 46

assimilation

Question 47

Nitrogen -> atmosphere as denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate to gaseous form

Answer 47

denitrifiction

Question 48

what bacteria lets nitrogen go back to the atmosphere?

Answer 48

denitrifying bacteria

Question 48

very reactive, so it exists bonded to oxygen as phosphate (PO43-)

Answer 48

phosphorus

Question 49

ion that is found in rocks and sediments

Answer 49

phosphorus

Question 50

important in making of nucleic acids, phospholipids, and ATP

Answer 50

phosphorus

Question 51

move phosphate ions from rocks into soil, lake, and rivers

Answer 51

weathering/erosion

Question 52

Phosphorus in solution absorb by the plants

Answer 52

plant metabolism

Question 53

Consumer get phosphate by eating plants or one another

Answer 53

consumer metabolism

Question 54

Phosphorus returns to soil in waste and remains

Answer 54

decomposition

Question 55

Leaching and runoff delivers phosphate ions into the ocean and settles as deposits along the edges of continents

Answer 55

Phosphorus from weathering of rocks and decomposition of remains will leach and runoff leading to formation of phosphate sediment

Question 56

movement of earth’s crust can uplift part of the seafloor where weathering releases phosphate from the rocks. Then, it would be absorbed by producer and the cycle continue

Answer 56

uplifting

Question 57

characterized by excessive plant and algal growth due to the increased availability of one or more limiting growth factors needed for photosynthesis

Answer 57

eutrophication

Question 58

clouds water and threatens other aquatic species, leading to eutrophication

Answer 58

algal bloom

Question 59

phosphate-containing detergents, sewage, fertilizer runoff, and waste from livestock encourages

Answer 59

eutrophication

Question 60

actions that reduce the human contribution to the planetary greenhouse effect

Answer 60

mitigation

Question 61

lowering emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, and particles like black carbon (soot) that have a warming effect

Answer 61

mitigation

Question 62

promoting energy efficiency, clean technologies, and alternative fuels reduce...

Answer 62

greenhouse emissions