Flashcards in BIOL 0800 Reading- Chapter 15 Deck (228)
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1
What acid is in the stomach?
HCl
2
What is pepsin?
Protein-digesting enzymes in the stomach
3
What two molecule types are typically not digested well by acid in the stomach?
Polysaccharides and fats
4
How much absorption of organic nutrients occurs in the stomach?
Virtually none
5
Where does most absorption of nutrients occur?
In the small intestine
6
What is the duodenum?
The initial segment of the small intestine
7
What is the jejunum?
The second segment of the small intestine
8
What is the ileum?
The third, longest segment of the small intestine
9
What are the three segments of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
10
What two organs secrete substances into the duodenum?
Pancreas and liver
11
How does the pancreas contribute to digestion?
Secretes digestive enzymes and a fluid rich in HCO3- to neutralize the acidic chyme
12
What does the liver do?
Secretion of bile to break down fast
13
What does the gallbladder do?
Stores secreted bile
14
What are the four layers of the GI wall?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
15
What are the three layers of the mucosa?
Epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
16
What is the submucosa?
Major blood and lymphatic vessels, submucosal plexus
17
What is the submucosal plexus?
Network of neyrons
18
What is the muscularis externa?
Circular muscle and myenteric plexus
19
How do circular muscles work?
Fibers oriented in circulate pattern around the tube so that contraction produces a narrowing of the lumen
20
What is the myenteric plexus?
Second network of neurons: innervated by nerves from the autonomic NS and has neurons that project to the submucosal plexus
21
What kinds of nerves innverate the myenteric plexus?
Autonomic nervous system
22
What is the serosa?
Thin layer of connective tissue to connect outer surface of tube to abdominal wall
23
What is a lacteal?
Single, bind-ended lymphatic vessel that is at the center of each villi
24
Most of the fat absorbed in the small intestine goes where?
Through the lacteals, to be emptied through the lymphatic systme into the thoracic duct
25
What is the hepatic portal vein?
The vein through which absorbed nutrients drain from the small intestine to the vena cava
26
What does the hepatic portal vein allow?
Material absorbed into the intestinal capillaries to be processed by the liver before entering general circulation: detox
27
What biological accounts for the liver's function as detox?
Hepatic portal vein: carries intestinally absorbed material through liver before returning it to capillary circulation
28
What are Peyer's patches?
Patches in the SI to secrete inflammatory mediators (cytokines) to alter motility of harmful substances not destroyed by acidity
29
What happens to amylase in the stomach?
It gets inactivated! Oh no!
30
