BIOL 111 - Lab Exam

Question 1

Cambium

Answer 1

Lateral meristem that thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants.

Question 2

Cone

Answer 2

Reproductive structure of gymnosperms in which the pollen (male) and seeds (female) are produced.

Question 3

Endoskeleton

Answer 3

Hard skeleton within soft tissue of an animal.

Question 4

Eukaryotic

Answer 4

Single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane bound nucleus and numerous organelles.

Question 5

Notochord

Answer 5

Flexible rod located between the digestive tube and nerve chord that provides support along the length of the animal.

Question 6

Dorsal, hollow nerve chord

Answer 6

Bundle of nerve cells that runs the length of the body.

Question 7

Pharyngeal gill slits

Answer 7

Slits in the pharynx that open to the outside of the animal allowing water to enter the mouth and leave the body without passing through the entire digestive tract.

Question 8

Chondrichthyes characteristics

Answer 8

Cartilaginous skeleton, No swim bladder.

Question 9

Hagfish

Answer 9

Jawless, cartilaginous skull with brain and eyes, no backbone.

Produce slime for defence

Question 10

Lampreys

Answer 10

Cartilaginous skull and backbone

Jawless

Parasitic

Question 11

What is the function of each fin?

Answer 11

Pectoral - Maneuvering

Dorsal - Stability

Caudal - Power and speed

Question 12

Osteichthyes

Answer 12

Bony endoskeleton, jaws, swim bladder.

Question 13

Amphibia

Answer 13

External fertilization, First stage of life in water, gas exchange via lungs and skin, cold-blooded. ]

Three chambered heart, two circuits.

Question 14

Reptilia

Answer 14

Lay shelled eggs, gas exchange via lungs, skin is dry and scaly.

Most ectothermic, birds are endothermic,

Question 15

Birds

Answer 15

Endothermic, feathers, lack teeth four chambered heart.

Question 16

Mammalian

Answer 16

Endothermic, Four-chambered heart, mammary glands, hairy.

Question 17

Oviparous vs ovoviviparous

Answer 17

Oviparous animals lay eggs
ovoviviparous animals the egg develops inside the animal.

Question 18

Monotremes vs Marsupials vs Placentals

Answer 18

Egg-laying mammals

Pouched animals that give birth to underdeveloped embryos that climb into mother’s pouch.

Mother carries the fetus which is nourished via the placenta .

Question 19

Metamorphosis

Answer 19

A series of physiological changes that transform the larvae into an adult.

Question 20

Amniotic egg

Answer 20

Internal wet environment.

Amniotic cavity with amniotic fluid an yolk sac for nutrients

Tough shell prevents liquid loss and protects.

Question 21

Bryophyta (Mosses)

Answer 21

Non vascular,

Gametophyte dominant

Flagellated sperm

Spores

Question 22

Monilophyta (Ferns)

Answer 22

Vascular

Sporophyte dominant

Flagellated sperm

Spores

Sori and sporangium

Question 23

Pinophyta (Conifers)

Answer 23

Vascular

Sporophyte dominant

Pollination by wind

Seeds

Woody ovulate cones

Question 24

Anthophyta (Flowering plants)

Answer 24

Vascular

Sporophyte dominant

Fertilization by animals

Seeds

Question 25

Vascular plants

Answer 25

Have vascular tubes to transport water and food. Xylem and phloem.

Question 26

Plasmogamy

Answer 26

Two mycelia fuse

Question 27

Karyogamy

Answer 27

Two nuclei of the parents merge, zygote is diploid.

Question 28

Fern life cycle

Answer 28

Sporangia produce spores via meiosis Spores germinate into the gametophyte via mitosis. Antheridia produce flagellated sperm Archegonia produce eggs.

Question 29

Seed plant key adaptations and evolution

Answer 29

Seeds are embryos with a supply of nutrients packaged in a protective coat. Seeds can be dispersed. Pollination replaces sperm cell swimming to egg.

Question 30

Gymnosperms vs Angiosperms

Answer 30

Naked seeds not enclosed in ovaries, seeds found within cones, wind pollinated, heterosporous (male & female) flowering plants which produce seeds that develop inside of the ovaries. Pollinated by biotic or abiotic agents.

Question 31

Double fertilization

Answer 31

Discharge of two sperm from the pollen tube into the embryo sac. One combines with egg other combine with the two polar nuclei creating food for embryo.

Question 32

How does fruit develop?

Answer 32

Seed develops from an ovule Fruit develops when the ovary wall thickens.

Question 33

Porifera

Answer 33

No symmetry Filter feeders with intracellular digestion

Question 34

Cnidaria

Answer 34

Cniodocytes (stinging cells) Gastrovascular cavity (one hole for eating and excreting)

Question 35

Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)

Answer 35

Gastrovascular Ladder-like nervous system Flame cells

Question 36

Nematoda (Round worms)

Answer 36

Parasites Cuticle that moults (ecdysozoa) Complete digestive tract

Question 37

Annelida (earthworms, marine segmented worms)

Answer 37

Segmented Hydrostatic skeleton Hermaphrodites

Question 38

Mollusca `

Answer 38

Visceral mass and mantle Filter feeders - clams Active hunters - squid

Question 39

Arthropoda

Answer 39

Jointed appendages Exoskeleton Ecdysozoa Open circulatory Gills or tracheolar depending on class.

Question 40

Echinodermata

Answer 40

Water vascular system for movement Endoskeleton Spiny skin

Question 41

Chordata

Answer 41

Dorsal hollow nerve chord Post anal tail Phalangeal gill slits Notochord