BIOL 1408 UNIT 3 REVIEW

Question 1

Substrates

Answer 1

The reactants that bind to the enzyme

Question 2

Products of Photosynthesis

Answer 2

Oxygen and Glucose

Question 3

Light and Dark (Carbon) Reactions

Answer 3

Light: energy captured and converted to chemical energy

Dark: energy used to make sugar

Question 4

Water in Photosynthesis

Answer 4

Needed to make sugar

a reactant

Question 5

O2 comes from

Answer 5

Photosynthesis and Light Reactions

Question 6

Light Dependent & Light Independent (Carbon) Reactions

Answer 6

Light Dependent: Sunlight energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and stored as chemical energy (ATP & NADPH)

Light Independent: ATP & NADPH from light dependent reaction is used to reduce CO2 and make glucose

Question 7

Wavelength Absorption

Answer 7

Sun emits energy in waves

Short Wavelengths: high energy than long wavelengths

Question 8

Rubisco

Answer 8

The Major Enzyme assimilating CO2 into the biosphere

Catalyzes the first reaction in the Carbon Cycle

Question 9

CO2 fixation

Answer 9

Carbon is removed from molecules of CO2

Rubisco enzyme adds CO2 onto RuBp. Unstable six-carbon organic molecule is produced

Question 10

RuBP

Answer 10

ribulose biphosphate: a five carbon carbohydrate that combines with CO2 to form two molecules of PGA in the first step of the Calvin Cycle

Question 11

Cellular Respiration

Answer 11

Cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

Question 11

Cell Respiration Energy Sources

Answer 11

uses glucose to produce ATP

Question 12

Location of Photosynthesis

Answer 12

chloroplasts

Question 13

Products of Cellular Respiration

Answer 13

Water and CO2

Question 14

autotroph vs. heterotroph

Answer 14

autotroph: energy from sun

heterotroph: energy form eating organisms

Question 14

Pigments in Photosynthesis

Answer 14

Molecules that capture energy from light

Chlorophyll a is the main photosynthetic pigment

Chlorophyll a and b

Question 15

The energy source of photosynthesis

Answer 15

The sun

Question 16

photons

Answer 16

packets of light energy

Question 17

Thylakoid

Answer 17

several stacks of membranes in a chloroplast

located in chloroplast

Question 18

Granum

Answer 18

once of the stacks of pigment containing thylakoid

located in chloroplast

Question 19

H2O oxidation in PSII

Answer 19

uses sunlight energy to oxidize water

produces oxygen, protons and electrons

Question 19

Chloroplasts

Answer 19

capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell

located in mesophyll

Question 19

PSII & PSI products

Answer 19

1 creates ATP
2 creates NADPH and uses electrons to reduce NADP to NADPH

Question 20

Stomata

Answer 20

small opening through which the exchange of gases occur

closed during hot, dry weather to conserve water

open at night, in cool moist air to avoid photorespiration

Question 21

Importance role in C3/C4/CAM plants

Answer 21

c3: fix carbon dioxide c4: cycles carbon dioxide into four carbon sugar compounds CAM: stomata opens at night, CO2 diffuses into lead and combines with PEP and forms malate

Question 22

role of mitochondria

Answer 22

performs cellular respiration pyruvate oxidation, Kreb/Citric Acid Cycle, Electron transport

Question 23

Glucose formular

Answer 23

C6H12O6

Question 23

Why cell respiration is in a sequential order of steps

Answer 23

it needs to occur step by step or else it would be too much energy to harness

Question 24

Glycolysis products

Answer 24

Pyruvate, ATP, and NADPH

Question 24

3 parts of cellular respiration and where they occur

Answer 24

glycolysis in Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle in mitochondria electron transport chain in mitochondria

Question 25

who are the electron carrier molecules

Answer 25

NAD picks up electrons forming two molecules of NADH

Question 25

final electron acceptor on ETC

Answer 25

oxygen

Question 26

ATP synthase

Answer 26

the enzyme that makes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 27

Gross vs. Net ATP production in glycolysis

Answer 27

Gross: 4 ATP Net: 2 ATP

Question 28

Products of each of the 3 steps of glycolysis

Answer 28

Glycolysis: glucose splits in half forming pyruvate, ATP, and NADPH Krebs: Derivative of pyruvate is oxidized; CO2 is released ETC: energy from electrons is used to form ATP

Question 29

ETC and Proton gradient

Answer 29

energy released forms a proton gradient which is used to make large amounts of ATP by protein ATP-Synthase

Question 30

Fermentation Review

Answer 30

Glycolysis produces ATP and regenerates NAD requires pyruvate from glycolysis and oxidizes NADH to form NAD Pyruvate is converted to alcohol, lactic acids. Microbes like yeast produce enzymes for alcohol fermentation