UNIT 2 REVIEW

Question 1

Junction and Cell Adhesion Types

Answer 1

Tight Junctions, Anchoring Junctions, Gap Junctions

Question 2

Cytoskeleton Components

Answer 2

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubes

Question 2

Endosymbiosis

Answer 2

Theory that bacteria was ingested but not digested

Question 3

Reduction/Oxidation

Answer 3

LEO GOES GER

Loses Electrons Oxidation
Gain Electrons Reduction

Question 4

Favorable and Unfavorable Reactions

Answer 4

Fav: Reactions that release energy

Unfav: reactions in which the products are higher in energy than reactants

Question 5

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 5

Energy is never created or destroyed; it changes form

Question 6

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 6

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe; heat is released

Question 6

Common aspects of all cells

Answer 6

The cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm

Question 6

Membrane Components

Answer 6

Lipids (phospholipids, cholesterol), proteins, and carbohydrate groups

Question 7

Cell Theory

Answer 7

All living things are composed of cells and all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 8

Animal vs. Plant vs. Bacteria Cells

Answer 8

Plant: Chloroplasts, Central Vacuole

Bacteria: Cell Wall, sometimes

Animal: Lysosome, Centrosomes

Question 8

Penicillin

Answer 8

Antibiotic: pops bacteria from the inside (water balloon)

Question 9

Organelles

Answer 9

Small, membrane bound structure inside the cell; performs a specific function

Nuclei, Mitochondria

Question 10

Mitochondrial inheritance

Answer 10

Genes inherited from mother

Question 11

Endomembrane System for Exocytosis in order

Answer 11

Nuclear Envelope, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, cell membrane

Question 12

Cellulose

Answer 12

Carbohydrate (polysaccharide) that makes up the cell wall of plants

Question 12

Surface Area to Volume Considerations

Answer 12

Smaller cells = larger surface area/volume ration

surface area = exchange materials

Question 13

Kinetic vs. Potential Energy

Answer 13

Kinetic: energy motion/movement

Potential: stored energy (before kinetic)

Question 14

Entropy

Answer 14

Disorder (2nd law of Thermodynamics)

Question 15

Enzyme roles in reactions

Answer 15

Enzymes are catalysts that speed up reactions by helping to lower the activation energy needed to start a reaction

Question 16

Enzymes and activation energy

Answer 16

Enzymes lower the activation energy which increases the rate of reaction

Question 17

Active Site

Answer 17

a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction

Question 18

Competitive vs. Noncompetitive Inhibitors

Answer 18

Competitive: bind to active site and block substrate

Question 19

Allosteric Sites

Answer 19

Allows molecules to either activate, inhibit or turn off enzyme activity

Question 20

Diffusion vs. Osmosis

Answer 20

Diffusion: molecules that go from a higher concentration to a lower concentration Osmosis: water molecules that go from a lower concentration to a higher consistency

Question 20

Hypertonic vs. Hypotonic

Answer 20

Hyper: water will leave the cell and shrink or shrivel Hypo: water molecules enter cell and it gets bigger

Question 21

Enzyme Activity

Answer 21

Acts as a catalyst; speeds up a chemical reaction

Question 22

Endocytosis - pinocytosis vs. phagocytosis

Answer 22

Endocytosis: active transport that moves particles of matter into the cell Pino: small particles go into the cell Phago: large particles go into the cell

Question 23

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)/ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) Cycle

Answer 23

ATP loses phosphate, creating ADP ADP gains phosphate, turning back into ATP, cycle continues

Question 23

Exocytosis

Answer 23

Release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane (substances leave the cell)