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examenes > Biología fin termino > Flashcards

Biología fin termino Flashcards

1
Q

What is classification

A

Is the grouping of organism based on a set of criteria

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2
Q

What is taxonomy

A

Is a discipline of biology concerned with identifying, naming species based on natural relationships

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3
Q

Taxonomic categories

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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4
Q

What is Binomial nomenclature

A

It gives each species a scientific name, first part is the genus, and the second part is the specific epithet

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5
Q

What Did Aristotle for classification

A

Developed the first widely accepted biological classification system.

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6
Q

What did Linnaeus for classification

A

used a morphology and behavior to classify plants and animals

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7
Q

Binomial nomenclature uses…

A

uses the latin genus and specis to give an organismis a scientific name

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8
Q

what is a domain

A

Domain is the broadest of all the taxa and contains on or more kingdoms.

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9
Q

what is kingdom

A

kingdom is the taxon composed of related phyla or divisions.

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10
Q

what is a phylum

A

contains related classes

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11
Q

what is a class

A

contains related orders

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12
Q

what is a order

A

contains related familys

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13
Q

what is a family

A

is the next taxon, consisting of similar, related genera.

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14
Q

what is a genus

A

is defines as a group of species that are closely related and share a common ancestor.

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15
Q

binomial rules

A
  1. genus name first letter always capitalized
  2. printed book name written in italics
  3. written by hand both names underlined
  4. the genus name when finished written all completely the first name is abbreviated.
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16
Q

what is a phylogeny

A

is the evolutionary history of a species

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17
Q

what is typological species concept

A

classification is determined by the comparison of physical characteristics with a type specimen.

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18
Q

what is biological species conept

A

classification is determined by similar characterisitcs and the ability to interbreed and produces fertile offspring

19
Q

what is phylogenetic species concept

A

classification is determined by evolutionary history

20
Q

What is a molecular clock

A

is a model that is used to compare DNA sequences from two different speciers

21
Q

Cladistics

A

It is a method that classifies organisms according to the order that they diverged from a common ancestor

22
Q

Cladogram

A

Is a branching diagram that represents the propose philogeny or evolutionary history of a species or a group

23
Q

The tree of life

A

Has 3 domains (Eubacteria and Archaea, which re Prokaryotic) and 4 eukaryotic kingdoms (Animalia, plantae, fungi, and Protista)

24
Q

Does the definition of species have changed?

A

YES

25
Q

What is phylogeny??

A

Is the inferred evolutionary history of a species evidence of which comes from a variety of studies

26
Q

what does a molecular clock use?

A

It uses DNA sequences to estimate phylogeny and rate of evolutionary change.

27
Q

what does cladistics analyze

A

evolutionary relationships based on sequencing derived characters

28
Q

unicellular prokaryotes found to be significantly different from the other known prokaryotes then known the bacteria and in 1990 they received in a new classification scheme with their own domain

A

ARCHEA

29
Q

Their cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan, and they have some of the same proteins that eukaryotes do. They are diverse in shape and nutrition requirements but most are heterotrophic

A

archea

30
Q

organisms with cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.

A

eukarya

31
Q

eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular, colonial or multicellular. unlike plants and animals, they do not have organs

A

protista

32
Q

a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote heterotrophic, lacks motility and have cell walls that contain a substance called chitin to provide them with structural support

A

fungi

33
Q

What is bacteria

A

bacteria are the most studied organisms and are found almost everywhere exept on extreme environments where mostly archae are found

34
Q

what is archaea??

A

In extreme enviroments that are hostile to most other forms of life archaea predominate

35
Q

Difference between archaea and bacteria

A

Bacteria cellwalls contain peptidoglycan but archae do not difference lipids in their plasma membranes and diffrent ribosoman proteins and RNA

36
Q

Prokaryotic structure

A

Chromososmes,nucleoid, capsule, pili, size

37
Q

Chromosomes (bacteria)

A

their genes are found on a large circular are in the cell called the nucleoid.

38
Q

Capsule (Bacteria)

A

the capsule has several important functions including preventing the cell from drying put and helping the cell to attach to surfaces in its environment.

39
Q

Pili (Bacteria)

A

A sub microscopic hairlike structures that are made of protein they help bacteria cells to attachb to surfaces

40
Q

Size (Bacteria)

A

Prokaryotes are small.

41
Q

Prokaryotic characteristics

A

Shape cell walls movement

42
Q

Shape (prokaryotic)

A

spherical or round prokaryotic are called cocci Rod-shape Porkariots are called vacilli and spiral cell prokaryotes are called spirilla

43
Q

Cell walls (prokaryotic)

A

all bacteria cell have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

44
Q

Movement (prokaryotic)

A

all though some prokaryotes are stationary others use flagella for movement.

examenes (18 decks)

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