Biological Approach Flashcards
(45 cards)
1
Q
Name:
The assumptions of the biological approach
A
- Behaviour is influenced by the central nervous system, genes, and neurochemistry
- Behaviour is a product of evolution
2
Q
Define:
Neurochemistry
A
- Substances naturally occuring in the brain
- enable signals to be transmitted
- imbalances associated with abnormal behaviour
3
Q
Name:
Strengths of the biological approach
A
- Children can show in/extroverted behaviour from birth
- Introverts respond less to dopamine
4
Q
Name:
Weaknesses of the biological approach
A
- Personality may be learned through reinforcement/punishment
5
Q
Define:
Genotype
A
Genetic makeup of an individual
6
Q
Define:
Phenotype
A
Observable characteristics
7
Q
Define:
SRY Gene
A
Part of the Y chromosome that causes development of male characteristics
8
Q
Name:
Strengths of the influence of genes
A
- Supports the idea of behaviour being a combination of nature + nurture
- E.G. BRCA1 gene associated with breast cancer - not all carriers will get cancer
9
Q
Name:
Weaknesses of the influence of genes
A
- Some research oversimplifies the influence of genes
10
Q
Name:
Neurotransmitters
A
- Serotonin
- Dopamine
- Adrenaline
11
Q
Name:
Hormones
A
- Oxytocin
- Cortisol
- Testosterone
- Oestrogen
12
Q
Serotonin
A
- controls and stabilises mood
Neurotransmitter
13
Q
Dopamine
A
- Movement, memory, pleasurable reward, motiation
- increases muscle + heart contraction force
Neurotransmitter
14
Q
Adrenaline
A
- Secreted by brain + adrenal glands
- Increases cardiac output
- Raises blood glucose levels
Neurotransmitter
15
Q
Oxytocin
A
- Triggers labour and release of breast milk
- Helps move sperm
Hormone
16
Q
Cortisol
A
- Made in adrenal glands
- Managed by pituitary gland
- Maintain blood pressure, immune function, anti-inflammatory processes
- Maintains energy levels
Hormone
17
Q
Testosterone
A
- Development of male secondary sex characteristics
Hormone
18
Q
Oestrogen
A
- Development of female secondary sex characteristics
- Regulates mensturation
Hormone
19
Q
Define:
Neurotransmitter
A
Chemicals that carry messages across synapses in the brain
20
Q
Define:
Hormone
A
- Chemicals secreted by glands
- travel through the body in the blood
- Create responses in organs
21
Q
Define:
Central nervous system
A
- Made of brain + spinal cord
- Control perception, thought processes, motor function
22
Q
Define:
Autonomic nervous system
A
- Part of motor nervous system
- Regulates involuntary processes
- “Fight or flight”
- Release adrenaline + cortisol
- Sympathetic + parasympathetic
23
Q
Name:
The parts of the nervous system
A
- Central
- Peripheral
- Motor
- Autonomous
- sympathetic + parasympathetic
24
Q
Define:
Peripheral nervous system
A
Nervous system in other parts of the body
25
# Define:
Motor nervous system
* Controls movement
* Contains ANS
26
# Define:
Neuroanatomy
The physical structure of the brain and nervous system
27
# Name:
The areas of the brain
* Frontal lobe
* Parietal lobe
* Temporal lobe
* Occipital lobe
* Cerebellum
* Brain stem
28
Frontal lobe
* Voluntary movement
* Social skills
* Higher cognitive function
* Personality
29
Parietal lobe
* Sensory proccessing
* Mathematics + Language
30
Temporal lobe
* Processing sound
* Working memory
31
Occipital lobe
* Process vision
32
Cerebellum
* Muscle movement
* Balance + coordination
33
Brain stem
Vital functions for life
34
# Define:
Lateralisation
The functions of the brain are split between left and right
35
Left hemisphere
* Control right side of body
* Analytical processes
* Speech and language
36
Right hemisphere
* Control left side of body
* Creativity
* Recognition of faces
* Spatial ability
37
# Define:
Neuroplasticity
The ability for the brain to change and adapt as a result of experiences by making new connections
38
Strength of neuroanatomy
* Explains how we are able to learn
* Enables us to increase cognitive ability
* Explains how brain can recover from injury
39
# Define:
Evolutionary psychology
How genes and behaviour have adapted over thousands of years
40
# Define:
Survival of the fittest
Individuals with the most suitable form or behavour survive within their enviroment and therefore reproduce
41
# Define:
Fight, flight, or freeze
Psychological response to threats by fighting, running or freezing
42
# Define:
Enviroment of evolutionary adaptation (EEA)
Habitat in which a species' latest adaptations evolved
43
EEA of humans
10,000 years ago
44
# Define:
Genome lag
Changes to the enviroment occur more rapidly than changes to genes
45
Sex differences in jealousy
* Pulse measured whilimagining emotional/sexual infidelity
* Men more distressed ny sexual infidelity
* Women more distressed by emotional infidelity
