biological approach

Question 1

the two main assumptions of biological aproach

Answer 1

behcaviour, cognition and emotions can be exlained in terms of the working of the brain and the effect of hormones, genetics and evolution

Question 2

wt is the psychologiy being investigated in dement and kleitman

Answer 2

the relationship between sleep stages, REM sleep, eye movements, and dream recall and content

Question 3

in dement and kletian wt did they do to reduce investigator effects

Answer 3

they made the particiapnts recall the dreams withotu a researcher present

Question 4

wt r the 3 aims of dement and kletiman

Answer 4

to see if dream recall occurs during rem or non rem

to see if there is a link between the estimate of dream lenth and length of rem

to see if eye movemt r reltated to the dream content

Question 5

rm and desin in dement

Answer 5

rm = experiment, correlation, interview
design = repeated

Question 6

resuts of demenet, refer to the aims

Answer 6

all 9 particpants showed regylar sleep patterns and EEG recordings

aim 1 - dream recalling happened in rem sleep (80%) and lower in non rem (71%)

aim 2 - all particpants were able to determine whether they had been dreaming for 15 mins (83%)

Question 7

conclusion of dement

Answer 7

dreaming occured during periods of REM sleep in distict episodes throught the night. the researches concluded that dreaming can be objectively meausred by recalling REM cycle duirng sleep

Question 8

describe sample of dement

Answer 8

7 adult males 2 adult females
univerisyt of chicago, america

Question 9

2 aims of hasset et al

Answer 9

to test if sex diff in children for preferences r due to biooogical factors rather than social

to investigate whether male and femlae monkeys hve similalr toy preferences to human kids depiate hving no expericne with them

Question 10

wt is the psuchology being investigated in hasset and describe it

Answer 10

animal play - an activity volunteary and repeatly done by animls as a form of environment and self express. play may be adapted as it can help practice skills for aulthood

Question 11

wt is CAH

Answer 11

cognentianal adrenal hyperlasia
an inheritged condoition where the foetus is exposed to high levels of prenatal androgens (male sex hormone)

Question 12

rm and desgin of hasset

Answer 12

rm - feild, controlled observation
design - independant meausres design

Question 13

iv and dv in hasset

Answer 13

sex of the monkeys
dv - whether monkeys interacted more with soft of whelled toys

Question 14

describe the sample in hasset

Answer 14

135 monekys but only 82 took part
61 females and 21 males
both infant and adultsw

Question 15

in hasset wt was the reason to remove 53 monkeys

Answer 15

cuz 14 had particpaed in hormaonal study and 39 were too yung

Question 16

give 4 resuls in hasset, mention statistics

Answer 16

only few interacted frequently
male monkeys played with wgeeled more than females (mean=9.77)
females played with plsuh for longer
73% males-wheeled 9%-plush
females plush-7.97% wheeled-6.96%

Question 17

two conclusions in hasset

Answer 17

sex thpe preferences in humans may be due to bioogical diff cuz even without diff socialisation, mokeys whowed similar to human intrests

toy preferences reflect behaviourial and cognitive biases influenced by hormones

Question 18

4 psychology being investigated in holzel

Answer 18

mindfulness meditation - 4 types of mental trainin that can improve mental health, cognitivie function

neuroplasticirty - brains abilty to change its strucutre by forming new neural connections

stress reduction and psychooligcal wellbeing

brain areas associated with mindfulness practices

Question 19

wt is grey matter conc in holzel

Answer 19

the amount of brain tissue responsible for processing info

Question 20

wt r 2 aims in holzel

Answer 20

to investigat whether the 8 week MBSR programe results in increase in grey matter

identify other region impacted by the MBSR programe

Question 21

describe the sample in holzel

Answer 21

from mbsr courses held at the mindfulnes centre, new england.
total right handed 33 but 2 particapnt had discomfort with MRI so there where 31
experimental grp- 16 (6 male and 10 female). 25-55 yrs
control grp- 17 ( 4 males, 6 female) mean 38yrs
volunteer sampling

Question 22

describe the experimental design in holzel

Answer 22

experimental design- longtidunial design, and mixed as it has not repeated and independant meausres

Question 23

describe the IV and DV in holzel

Answer 23

IV - whetherthe participant were grouped to the experimental or control grp. time of data collection

DV - grey matter conc, the 5 faces of FFMQ

Question 24

describe localisation of function in holzel

Answer 24

its the idea that specific brain strucutres r responsible for specific cognitive processes. ex - hipocampus associated with memory and motion regulation

Question 25

one way to find out the function of diff brain strucutres in holzel

Answer 25

monitor how they change over time following regular practice of a certain skill

Question 26

wt r the 3 triaing techniques in holzel

Answer 26

body scanning mindful yoga sitting meditation

Question 27

describe baseline data collection in holzel

Answer 27

2 week before the sutart of the MBSR programe, all participants underwent MRI scan and completee FFMQ

Question 28

name 4 behaviuors in the behaviour checkilist in hasset

Answer 28

extended touching holding sitting on dragging

Question 29

2 animal plush ex in hasset

Answer 29

scooby doo ragedy ann

Question 30

in FFMQ wt r the 5 aspects of mindfuleness

Answer 30

observing describing acting with areness non joyful experience non rrady to inner experinece

Question 31

4 results in holzel

Answer 31

increased grey matter in left hipocampus increase in other regions no change in insula CG showed reduction in grey matter

Question 32

3 conclusion

Answer 32

mindfulness tenf to strucutal chnages in brain improvr function like memory, emotion regulatin MBSR improves mindfulness amount of procedure doesnt matter

Question 33

describe procedure tat took place before MBSR in holzel

Answer 33

mri scans wee conducted two weeks before the experinmental grps first mbsr session. 3d models were created by tking pics of 128 sagittal slices of the brain. next used VBM to meaysre the conc of grey matter