Pozzulo et al Flashcards
(21 cards)
wt is eyewitness testimony
eivence given by a person who has witnessed a crime
wt is the specific aspect of eyewitness testimony that pozzuolo focused on
false postive response
wt is false postive response
it occurs when an eyewitness inconrrectly identifies a person as the perpretrator even tho the actua perprotrator isnt present in the lineup
describe the social factors that the reseachers wanted to see
children may feel pressure from authority figures, which wud affect their answeing, they r most likely to comply with authotirity figures and fear getting inot trouble if they dont provide an answer
wt r the cognitive factors tha t ocntibute to the study
children cognitibe abitlites like memory r still developing, which may make them more suspectible to suggestion and less able to acurately recal and recognize faces
wt r the 2 aims of the stufy
to investigate the role of social and cognitive factors in childrens infentifcation accuracy in lineups
to asses whether children r less accurate and more prone to false positives than adults
descirbe the children sample taken
59 children between the ages of 4 and 7 years old participated in the study. 21 females and 38 males. The children were recruited from kindergarten classes in three private schools located in Eastern Ontario, Canada.
describe the adult smaple in the study
53 individuals between the ages of 17 and 30 . 36 females and 17 males. All adult participants were recruited from an introductory psychology participant pool at a university in Eastern Ontario, Canada.
wt type of experiment was this
lab experiment
describe the 3 independant variables
age group- it was independant measures grp
target type- it was eiher cartoon charactersor human faces. they both used unfamiliar targets that allowed the researchers to examine the influence of familiarity on identification accuracy.
lineup type- participants were shown either target present or target absent lineups , this allowed the researchers to examine the influence of familiarity on identification accuracy.
define target present and target absent lineups
target-present lineups-where the target was included in the lineup photos
target-absent lineups where the target was replaced with a similar-looking individual
wt were the 2 dependant variables
Correct Identifications: This measure was used in target-present lineups, where the actual target from the video clip was included among the lineup photos. A correct identification occurred when the participant accurately selected the target from the lineup.
describe the procure
Lineup Instructions: Participants were informed that the target (person or cartoon) might not be present. Children pointed to their choice, while adults marked a matching sheet.
Watching Video Clips: Participants watched four six-second clips—two featuring human university students and two featuring cartoon characters (Dora and Diego). Each clip included a close-up of the target’s face for 2–3 seconds.
Filler Task: After each video, participants were asked to recal details about the character to allow some time to pass between the video exposure and the lineup presentation, reducing the possibility of immediate recall influencing their choices.
Lineup Presentation: Participants viewed a lineup of six images on a laptop and identified the target if present. Lineups were simultaneous, with target-present and target-absent versions. Foils were carefully selected to match facial features while minimizing other influences. Adults marked their choices, and children pointed at the screen.
wt was done to elimitnate confounding factors
all photos were cropped to show only the face, neck, and upper shoulders.
wt were the quantivative findings in the results
- Correct Identification Rates for Human Faces- children (0.23) adult (0.66)
- Correct Identification Rates for Cartoon Faces- children (0.99) adult (0.95)
- Comparison Between Human and Cartoon Faces- both were more accurate than human faces
- Correct Rejection Rates Human Faces-children (0.45) adults (0.70)
- Correct Rejection Rates Cartoon Faces- children (0.74) adults (0.94)
wt were the qualitatie findings
Participants were asked to descibe everyjognt rhy cud remeber about each video clip.
The primary open-ended question was, “What did the cartoon character/person look like?” followed by a probing question, “Do you remember anything else?”
wt was the conclusion for the cognitive factors
Both children and adults were significantly more accurate at identifying cartoon faces compared to unfamiliar human faces, this shows the familitary with a target engances recognition
wt was the ocncusion for the social factors
, children exhibited considerably lower correct rejection rates compared to adults, even for cartoon faces. This suggests that their higher false-positive rates in target-absent scenarios might stem from social pressures rather than cognitive limitations. kids may also feel compleeed and just choose a random face from the lineup
wts the conclusion regarding developmental diff
the study reveasl the key developmental diff between kids and aults are in everywitness identification accuracy. kids showed lower rejection rates for both human and cartoon face compard to adults. so theres a greater chance of making identifiation errors in target absent lineups
wt r the implications for legal practices
it shows the importances of diong proceudres to approach to children’s testimony specialli in trarget absent lineups, and also to minimise social pressure to get reliable identification
