Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych 1010 > Biological Basis of Behaviour > Flashcards

Biological Basis of Behaviour Flashcards

(118 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 2 systems in the body responsible for integration? (regulation of the body)

A
  1. Nervous system
  2. Endocrine system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the nervous system responsible for?

A
  • rapid acting
  • changes in a short period of time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are examples of what the nervous system can regulate?

A
  • Heart rate
  • Respiration
  • Voluntary muscle contractions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the endocrine system responsible for?

A
  • slow acting
  • controlling of things over long periods of time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of what the endocrine system can regulate?

A
  • growth
  • reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many neurons are there in your brain?

A

86 billion neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do neurons do?

A

they transport information from one part of the body to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many neurons are there in the cerebral cortex?

A

19-23 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

take information from organs to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

take information towards muscles and glands from the brain or the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are interneurons?

A

neurons that communicate information between other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which kind of neuron is the most common?

A

interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are glial cells?

A

cells that do a lot of essential work such as:
- structural support
- provide nutrition
- remove waste
- speed communication of neurons
- repair neurons
- create myeline sheet around neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many BRAIN CELLS do we have?

A

10 trillion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do neurons communicate?

A

action potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What signal gets passed from neuron to neuron?

A

electrical to chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the steps in a neurotransmmiter release?

A
  1. Action potential causes vesicle to open
  2. n.t released into synapse
  3. n.t binds onto receptors on the postsynaptic cell
  4. Reuptake occurs and n.t is sent back into presynaptic cell
  5. Ions are accepted into postsynaptic neuron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does agonist mean?

A

mimics n.t action
- more activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does antagonist mean?

A

opposes action of n.t
- less activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many n.t do we have?

A

over 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are 7 common n.t?

A
  1. Serotonin
  2. AcH
  3. Dopamine
  4. Endorphin
  5. GABA
  6. Norepinephrine
  7. Glutamate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which 2 n.t that we enjoy/makes us happy?

A
  1. Serotonin
  2. Dopamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which n.t is involved in emotions and dreaming?

A

serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What percentage of the population is depressed at a any one time?

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What percent of people are depressed at some point in their lifetime?
30%
26
What does SSRI stand for?
selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
27
What does SSRI do?
prevents serotonin from being taken back up so it remains in the synaptic cleft for longer periods of time
28
What are examples of SSRI?
- Prozac - Paxil - Zoloft
29
What is the functions of Ach?
- involved in muscle movements - involved in learning and memory
30
True or False Ach is both excitatory and inhibitory
True
31
Where is Ach found?
neuromuscular junctions
32
What would happen if there was too much Ach?
leads to muscle spasms and possibly death
33
What can lead to too much Ach?
exposure to: - nerve gases - black widow spider venom
34
True or False Nicotine works on Ach receptors?
True
35
Which disease will decrease the number of Ach neurons?
Alzheimer
36
What is norepinephrine responsible for?
- arousal - learning - memory - eating
37
Which n.t is responsible for fight or flight response?
norepinephrine
38
What would an imbalance of norepinephrine lead to?
depression and bipolar disorder
39
What is dopamine responsible for?
- movement - attention - learning - pleasurable and rewarding sensations
40
An imbalance in dopamine would cause what?
schizophrenia
41
The loss of dopamine-producing neurons is the cause of what disease?
Parkinsons
42
What is endorphins responsible for?
- pain - pleasure
43
Morphine and Codeine mimic which n.t?
endorphin
44
True or False Endorphins are involved in healing the effects of acupuncture
True
45
True or False Runners High is the feeling of pressure after a long run is due to heavy endorphin release
True
46
What is GABA responsible for?
inhibiting brain activity
47
True or False GABA is implicated in anxiety disorders
True
48
What is Huntington's disease?
disease that causes jerky involuntary movements and mental deterioration
49
How is Huntingtons disease caused?
due to the loss of neurons in striatum that utilizes GABA
50
True or False GABA is in inhibitory n.t
True
51
True or False Glutamate is an excitatory n.t
True
52
What is Glutamate responsible for?
- learning - memory - schizophrenia
53
What is the main function of the corpus callous?
to inhibit the other hemisphere of the brain
54
What does the right hemisphere of give us?
- sustained - broad - open - vigilant - alertness used to understand the world of individuals that are changing, evolving, living beings and things that are never perfectly known
55
What does the left hemisphere of give us?
- narrow - sharply - focused - attention to detail uses the power to manipulate things that are know, fixed, general and lifeless
56
True or False People who lose their right hemisphere tend to have a narrowing of their window of attention
True
57
What is the purpose of the frontal lobes?
to inhibit the rest of the brain - for empathy - to take a step back
58
For imagination and reason which hemisphere do we need?
both
59
What is population coding?
number and location of neurons
60
What is rate coding?
frequency of firing
61
What makes up a nerve?
a bundle of axons
62
What is part of the CNS?
brain and spinal cord
63
What is part of your PNS?
neurons that carry messages to and from CNS
64
Sensory neurons are what type of neurons?
Afferent
65
Motor neurons are what type of neurons?
Efferent
66
True or False Sensory neurons carry signals towards the CNS
True
67
True or False Motor neurons carry signals towards muscles and organs
True
68
What are the 2 types of Motor nervous systems and what do they do?
1. Somatic - voluntary control 2. Autonomic - involuntary control
69
What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system
1. Sympathetic 2. Parasympathetic
70
What are the 3 Regions of the brain?
1. Hindbrain 2. Midbrain 3. Forebrain
71
What is the Hindbrains function?
Vital function - motor function - posture - sleep patterns - breathing - circulation
72
What makes up the Hindbrain?
medulla pons cerebellum
73
What makes up the Midbrain?
dopaminergic projections reticular activating system
74
What makes up the Forebrain?
thalamus hypothalamus limbic system cerebrum cerebral cortex
75
What is the Midbrain function?
connected the brainstem to the forebrain - controlling sensory processing
76
What is the Forebrain function?
- controls cognitive function - sensory and motor functions - temp - displays emotions - reproductive functions - sleep and eating
77
What is the largest region of the brain?
Forebrain
78
What is the Left cerebrum responsible for?
verbal processing: language, speech, reading, writing
79
What is the Right cerebrum responsible for?
nonverbal processing: spatial, musical, visual recognition
80
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
1. Frontal 2. Temporal 3. Parietal 4. Occipital
81
True or False The frontal lobe is responsible for the primary motor cortex
True, which is what represents movements and sensitivity of different body parts
82
What does the frontal lobe produce?
- voluntary movements - thinking - planning - emotional control
83
What is the primary function of the temporal lobe?
primary receiving area for auditory information - higher level vision processing
84
What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?
primary receiving are for visual information
85
What is the primary function of the parietal lobe?
process bodily information - touch - temperature - pressure - info from muscles to joint receptors
86
What is the somatosensory cortex?
receives information from touch receptors in different parts of the body
87
What is cortical magnification?
parts of the body that are more sensitive have more neurons with them
88
What are the 2 areas of language in the brain?
1. Broca 2. Wernike's
89
What is the Aphasia area?
partial or complete inability to articulate language or ideas due to brain injury
90
What is the Brocas area?
area of brain where speech is produced but not comprehended
91
What happens if we have an injury to the Brocas area?
lose the ability to produce speech
92
Where is the brocas area located?
in the temporal lobe on the left side above the primary motor complex
93
Where is the Wernike area located?
temporal lobe on the left side
94
What happens if we injure the Wernike area?
lose the ability to understand the speech we are producing
95
What is Brain Plasticity?
the brain's ability to change structure and function
96
What are the 3 ways to stimulate brain plasticity?
1. changes in dendritic length 2. synapse formation 3. altered metabolic activity
97
What are the 5 ways we can study the brain?
1. Brain Imaging (MRI, CAT, PET) 2. Transcranial magnetic stimulation 3. Electrical stimulation 4. Damage studies/lesioning 5. Electroencephalography (EEG)
98
What are hormones?
chemical messages in the bloodstream
99
The endocrine system uses hormones as what kind of feedback system?
negative feedback
100
How does the hypothalamus work?
it is the main link between nervous and endocrine system, controls the pituitary gland
101
What does the pituitary gland do?
has hormones that affect the function of other glands
102
Where is the pituitary gland found?
attaches to the base of the brain
103
What does the adrenal gland do?
contains hormones that are involved in human stress repsonse
104
Where is the adrenal gland located?
behind the kidneys
105
What does the adrenal gland produce?
steroids androgens estrogens
106
What does the gonads do?
hormone regulates sexual characteristics and reproductive processes ie. testes in makes and ovaries in females
107
What does the Thyroid gland do?
controls metabolism
108
What does the Pancreas do?
regulates blood sugar ie. Insulin
109
What does the Thymus do?
stimulates the development of T cells
110
What does the Pineal gland do?
helps stimulate the sleep-wake cycles ie. melatonin and Dimethyltryptamine
111
How many chromosomes are in each cell?
46
112
What is Behavioural genetics?
the study of the influence of genetic factors on behavioural traits
113
What is a zygote?
union of sperm and ovum at conception
114
True or False Genotype is what genes we have and Phenotype is what genes we show
True
115
What is Polygenic?
combined genes showing
116
What is epigenetics?
The study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve DNA modifications
117
What is molecular genetics?
the study of the biochemical bases of genetic inheritance
118
What is Genetic mapping
locating specific genes

Psych 1010 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions