Biological classification Flashcards
1
Q
Father of Botany
A
Theophrastus
2
Q
5 Kingdom system of classification by:
A
R H Whittaker
3
Q
Amino acids present in Murin
A
D- alanine, D-lysine, L-lysine, L-Glutanic acid
4
Q
Bible of bacteria was written by
A
Bargey
5
Q
Most common shape of bacteria
A
Bacillus
6
Q
Coapland gave __ system of classification
A
4 kingdom
7
Q
The term monera was given by
A
Daugherty and Allen
8
Q
Chloronema is a example of
A
Green non sulphur bac
9
Q
Anoxygenic photosynthesis is done by
A
Chlorobium and Chromatium
10
Q
Bacteria which oxidises hydrogen is
A
Hydrogenomonas
11
Q
Which enzyme helps in dna replication is bac? Its produced by?
A
DNA polymerase, Mesosome
12
Q
Polysaccharides present in peptidoglycon are?
A
N. Acetyl muramic acid, N. Acetyl Galectosamine
13
Q
Which bacterial shape is non motile?
A
Coccus
14
Q
Nucleoid/Genophore is also called
A
Insipient Nucleus
15
Q
Ammonifying bacteria which convert Organic N to ammonia and are saprophytes are:
A
Bacillus vulgaris, Bacillus ramosis
16
Q
Largest Sulphur bacteria is:
A
Beggiota
17
Q
Another sulphur bacteria is
A
Thiobacillus
18
Q
Name the 4 walls in endospore of bacteria
A
Core wall, Cortex, Spore coat, Spore wall
19
Q
Calcium di picolimic acid present in ___, helps in :
A
Cortex, Antico-agulant– survive extreme temp
20
Q
Colisin plasmid releases ___ in host
A
Toxins
21
Q
Anthrax is caused by
A
Bacillus anthracis
22
Q
Clostridium butericum helps in
A
Retting of jute
23
Q
Short Pili in bac are also called
A
Fimbriae
24
Q
Endospore formation is what method?
A
Suspended method of adaptations
25
Plasmids which are specific antibiotic resistance
R (Resistant) plasmid
26
What decides male character of bac?
Presence of F plasmid
27
Avirulent strain is
R strain
28
Griffith did an experiment using which bac
Streptococcus (diplo/pneumo coccus) pneumoniae
29
Freeliving aerobic N fixing bac is
Azatobacter
30
E. Coli is a
Pollution indicator
31
80% of Ozygen in the world is given by
Cyanobacteria/ BGA
32
Pigments in bacs are
Bacterio purpurin (bac chl A), Bacterio viridin (bac chl B)
33
___ causes pathogenic nature of bac
Short pili
34
Gram +ve have
1 layer cell wall, get stained in crystal violet sol, less pili, 2 rings SM, more mesosomes
35
4 rings are present in basal body of
Gram -ve bac
36
Biochemical proof of transformation was given by
Avery, Mc Carty and Mc cleoid
37
R strain accepts S strain genes with the help of protein
receptor protein
38
What is oxygen scavinger
Leg hemoglobin
39
Azospirillum is a ___ present in ___ roots
Symbiotic bac, Wheat and Rice
40
Xanthomonas oryzae is ___ disease in __ plant
Leaf blight, Rice
41
Syphilis is caused by
Treponema pallidum
42
Who is the father of algae
F E Fritch
43
Which disease is caused by __ bacterium on lemon?
Citrus cancus, Xanthomonas citri
44
Conjugation is present for __ min
1
45
HFR bac/ Supermale has plasmid attached to genophore called
Episome
46
In which (normal conjugation/HFR) does F- turn into F+
Normal conjugation.
47
Lederburg gave term:
Plasmid
48
Claustridium tetani causes
Tetanus
49
Plague is caused by
Pastuerella Pestis
50
Transduction was discovered by ___ and __ in ___
Lederburg and Zinder, Salmonella typhi
51
Bacteriophage help is
Transduction
52
NH3 is coverted into NO2 by:
Nitosomonas and Nitrococcus
53
Nitrobacter helps in
Conversion of nitrite to nitrate
54
Nitrogenase helps in
Nitrogen fixation
55
Unicellular BGA
Spirulina, Senedesmus
56
Cholera is caused by a bac of shape
Vibrio- Comma shaped
57
Name 4 N fixing bac:
Rhizobium, Azorhizobium, Azotobacter, Clapsiella (Anaerobic)
58
Frankia is a filamentous bac (Actenomycetes) found in
Casurila, Alnus
59
Rhodospirillum and rhodopseudomonas are examples of
Free living N fixing and Purple- non sulphur bac
60
1st fungal antibiotic is from
Pennicillum
61
___ kills pathogenic bac and keeps rivers clean
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorous
62
Bacitacin anitibiotic is produced from __ and ___
Bacillus Licheniformis and bacillus Subtilis
63
Bacillus subtilin produces
Subtilin and Bacitracin
64
Riboflavin (Vit B2 supplement) is made with
Clostridium butylicum
65
Bac that do harful activity are
Psuedomonas denitrificance, Thiobacillus denitrificance
66
Along with lacto bacillus ___ helps in curding of milk
Streptobacillus lacti
67
Crown gall disease is caused by
Agrabacterium tumefacians
68
Diphtheria is caused by
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
69
SCP is
Spirulina
70
Anabena is __ type of BGA
Colonial
71
Mesosome in bac== ___ in BGA
lamellosome
72
Pigments in chromotophores of BGA
chl A, Xanthophils, b-carotene, Phycobillins (cycanin and erythrin)
73
BGA that gives red sea its colour
Trichodesmium Erithrium
74
Cyanophycean starch granules and Fat droplets are?
Alpha, beta granules (Inclusion bodies)
75
Habitat of BGA
Most: Fresh water
76
Heterocyst contain ___ for N fixation
Nitrogenase
77
Filamentous BGA
Nostoc, Oscillatoria
78
Harmogonia formation occurs in
Filamentous BGA
79
What is seen in cycas (corolloid roots) for N2 fixation?
Nostac punctiformae
Anabena cycadasiarum
80
Anabena azollae are associated with
Azolla leaves (pteridophyte)
81
BGA Antibiotic
Tolipothrix
82
Obligate anaerobes are
Archaebacteria
83
Methanogens are present in
Guts of ruminant animals and Marshy areas
84
Bacterio Rhodopsin in Halophiles produce
Purple colour
85
___ are present in sulphur hot springs
Thermoacedophiles, Facultative aerobs
86
PPLO is sensitive to
Chloromphenicol, Tetracydin
87
Who discovered PPLO where
Raux and Nocard in Plural fluid of cows
88
Why is PPLO called the jokers of plant kingdom
They constantly change their shape
89
Trilamellar model of PM is present in
Mycoplasma
90
Respiration type of Mycoplasma
Facultative anaerobs
91
Aster Yellow disease is caused in
Sunflower by PPLO
92
Disease in legume caused by PPLO
Witch broom
93
Cattles suffer from ___ disease because of pplo
Bovine
94
Little leaf of __ is caused by Mycoplasma
Brinjal
95
Bunchy top of papaya is caused by
Mycoplasma
96
When do pplo form fried egg colonies
When placed in nutritive medium/culture
97
Kingdom protista was introduced by
Ernest Haeckel
98
Halophytic/Autotrophic nutrition is seen ___ protistans
Diatoms, Desmids, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids
99
Zygotic meiosis is seen in
Haplontic orgs- Dinoflagelates
100
Notiluca and Diatoms have ___ kind of life cycle
Diplontic (notiluca is exception from dinoflagellates).. Gametic meiosis, Zygotic mitosis
101
Anisogamy is
Fusion of structurally dissimilar but functionally same gametes (Opp in physiological anisogamy)
Seen in Dinoflagellates
102
Horizontal binary fission is seen in ___ protistan
Paramecium
103
Oogamy is seen in
Diatoms and Dinoflagellates
104
Diatoms and Desmids were placed in ___ class by Fritch
Chrysophyceae/ Chrysophyta
105
Chief producers in ocean are
Diatoms and desmids
106
Diatoms and desmids are called Jewels of the plant kingdom because
Golden brown colour
107
Diatomaceous soil is also called
Keiselgurh
108
___ are called Pearls of the ocean
Diatoms
109
Cyclosis occurs in diatoms and desmids. T/F
True
Due to present of large central vacuole
110
Cell wall of diatoms are made of
Cellulose, lined by Silica crystals... Make it indestructable
111
Cell wall of diatoms and desmids is known as
Frustule
112
Which theca is bigger than which in dd?
Epitheca is bigger than hypotheca
113
Diff b/w desmids and diatoms
Diatoms- OOgamy, diploid nucleus, pearls of ocean
Desmids- haploid nucleus
114
Uses of diatomaceous soil?
-Polishing metals
-Oil filtration
-Making dynamites
-Making sound proof sheets
115
Reductional binary fission is seen in
Diatoms n desmids
116
Storage food materials of DD
Leucosin and oils
117
Chloroplast of DD contains
Chl a, Chl c, Beta carotene, Xanthophylls
118
Examples of Diatoms n Desmids
Navicula
Pinnularia
119
Spores present in DD are known as
Auxospores
120
Protistans which show spore formation are
Slime moulds
121
Fritch placed ___ orgs in Pyrrophyta?
Dinoflagellates (Pyrrophyta==Dinaphytta=Dinophyceae)
122
Exclusively marine protistans are
Dinoflagellates
123
Vertical and horizontal grooves in Dinoflagellates are?
Sulcus and Annulus
124
Which flagella is longer in dinoflagellates?
Vertical
125
Whirling whips are
Dinoflagellates
Because of spinning movement (caused by movement of both flagellas)
126
Cell wall of dinoflagellates are called
Lorica
127
Mesokaryon is a feature of
Dinoflagellates
Pro- no histone protein
Eu- has nuclear membrane
128
Due to the characteristic of bioluminescence, ___ is called sea ghost
Noctiluca, Only diplontic dinoflagellate
129
Red tides are caused by
Goneaulax, DF
130
Saxitoxin secreted by ___ and ___ causes paralysis
Goneaulax, Gymnodium
131
Ceratium belongs to
DF
132
Pigments of DF
Chl a, Chl c, Alpha carotene, Xanthophylls- Dinoxanthophylls
133
Starch is stored food of
DF
134
Where is the nucleus present in euglenoids
Posterior side
135
Mouth of euglena is
Cystostome
136
2 flagellas of euglena are produced by
Basal granules (Blepharoplast)
137
Proteinaceous layer around Euglena is called
Pellicle
138
What is cytopharynx
Point of fusion of 2 flagellas of euglena
139
Mastigonemes present on one side of the flagella make it:
Motile
Stichomatic type of Flagella
140
Food stored in euglena is
Paramylum granules-
Amulyopectin with Beta 1,3 Glucons
141
Zeaxanthin, Chl a, Chl b, Beta Carotene are pigments present in
Euglena
142
Sexual reproduction is not seen in ____ protistan
Euglena
143
Mode of nutrition of euglena
Mixotrophic- Auto and Sapro
144
Most primitive animals are
Euglenoids
Connecting link b/w plants and animals
145
___ in euglena helps detect light
Eye spot
146
Most primitive fungi are
Slime moulds
147
Antonia debari placed slime moulds in ______ class
Mycota
148
Transparent, irregularly shaped, living in debris wala protistan is?
Slime moulds
149
Coenocytic Slime moulds are
Acellular
150
Fusion of acellular and partial grouping of cellular slimemoulds form ___ n ____
Plasmodium
Pseudo plasmodium
151
Spores produced by plasmodium during unfav condition is surrounded with___ cell wall
Cellulosic
152
Fungal, plant and animal character is present in
Slime moulds
153
Swarm cells are
formed sometimes when spores of slimemoulds germinate.. They have 2 flagellas- isogamous. 2 merge to form zygote
154
Entamoeba Histolica causes
Amoebiosis
155
Silica on surface is present in ___ protozoans
Amoeboid protozoan
156
Sleeping sickness is caused by
Trypanosoma Gambiense
157
Slipper animalcule is
Paramecium
158
Gullet for ingestion is present in
Ciliated protozoans like paramaecium
159
Which protozoans are endoparasites and live in RBC?
Sporozoans
Ex: Plasmodium vivax
160
Which protozoans are endoparasits and live in RBC?
Sporozoans
Ex: Plasmodium vivax
161
Chromoplasm is present in ___ bacteria
Cyanobacteria
162
Akinetes are form a of reproduction seen in
Nostoc- Cyanobacteria
163
Thermococcus belongs to ___ bac
Thermoacidophiles, Archaebacteria
164
Cell wall is absent in ___ monera
Mycoplasma
165
Diseases caused by PPLo
WABBLi
Witches broom in legumes
Aster yellow in sunflower
Bovine disease in cattle
Bunchy top of papaya
Little leaf of brinjal
166
Thylakoids without chloroplast is present in ___ protistan
Dinoflagellates
167
Fungi kingdom was introduced by
R H Whittaker
168
Fungi grow in ____ habitat
Warm and Moist
169
Coprophylus fungi like ___ grown on
Pilobolus (Zygomycetes), Dunk of animals
170
Fungi which grow on wood and burnt wood respectively are called
Epixylic
Xylophillous
171
Aseptate mycellium is present in
Phycomycetes
172
Dolipore septa leads to ___ condition, mostly seen in
Dikaryotic, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
173
Fungi which dont have chitinous cell wall are
Oomycetes( Albugo, Puthium)
174
Unicisternal golgi complex is a feature of
Cells of fungi
175
Storage food of fungi
Glycogen and oils
176
When is Torulla stage (Many buds) formed in Budding of Saccharomyces cerviciae
When sugar content is high in Yeast
177
Shizosaccharomyces cerviciae takes ____ time for fission
90mins
178
Aplanospore/ Sporangiophore is formed in
Phycomycetes (Aseptate)
179
Aplanospore have rootlike structures called _____
Rhizoids
180
Spores formed in aseptate fungi are
Sporangio/Aplano spores.. Endogenous, non motile, haploid
181
Zoospores are called so because
They are animal like- Have flagella
182
Zoospores are produced by
Oomycetes
183
Conidiospores are formed in
Phyco, Asco, Duetero
184
Primary, secondary, Tertiary branch are named ___ in conidiospore
Ramei, Metulae, Sterigmata (bottle shape)
185
Big at the end to small towards sterigmata type arrangement in conidiospore is
Basipetal arrangement
186
Exogenous, non motile and thin walled spores are
Conidiospore
187
Most have fungi have sex organs. T/F
False
188
Gametangial contact forms ___ spores and is seen in
Oospores, oomycetes
189
Brush mould is
Conidiospore
190
Male and Female sex organ in oomycetes is
Female- Oogonium
Male- Antheridium
191
Homothallic is seen only in
Gametangial contact, Oomycetes
192
Steps in sexual reproduction of fungi include
Plasmogamy, (Dikaryotisation), Karyogamy, Meiosis
193
Zygomycetes show ___ sexual repro
Gametonfial corpulation
194
Only diploid sexual spore is
Oospore
195
+ve and -ve gametangia are formed in
Gametangial corpulation
196
Meiosis is absent in __ sex repro of fungi
Gametangial contact- oomycetes
197
Germ spores are formed inside
Zygospore after meiosis
198
In ___ sex repro of fungi the spermatia is carried by wind from Spermatium (male) to Carpogonia/Ascogonia (female)
Spermatization
199
Sex organs are completely absent here, therefore fusion of somatic cells happen in:
Somatogamy
200
4 classes of fungi are classified on the basis of
-Types of Fruiting bodies
-Mycellium Structure
-Spore formation
201
Algal fungi are
Phycomyctes- esp Oomyctes cuz it lives in aquatic habitat
202
Sac fungi is
Ascomycetes
203
Late blight in potato is caused by ____ oomycetes
Phytopthera infestens
Caused famine of ireland
204
Albugo candida (oomycetes) causes white rust in ___
Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) family.. Cabbage, cauliflower
205
Saprolegnia (Oomycetes) causes ____ in fish gills
Salmon diesease
206
Damping off disease is caused by ___ in ___
Pythium dibarium (oomycetes), Seedlings of Tomato, castor, mustard, chilli
207
Weed of lab (Zygomycetes) is
Mucor
Spoils culture
208
Rhizopus is
Zygomycetes, Bread/ Pin/ Black mould
209
Type of fungi to show all type of sex repro are? State all with examples
Ascomycetes
1. Gametangial contact- PYRONEMA
2. Gametangial corpulation- YEAST
3. Spermatization- ASCOBOLUS
4. Somatogamy- PEZIZA, MORCHELLA
210
Somatogamy in ascomycetes have delayed karyogamy, showing ___ FORMATION
Ascogenous Hyphae/ Ascus covered by Fruiting body
211
Cleistothecium- ball/ club shaped FB is seen in ___ ascomycetes
Pennicilum
212
Peziza has ___ shaped FB
Apothecium- Cup shaped
213
Flask shaped FB is called ___ and is present in:
Perithecium
Nuerospora Craessa
Claviseps Purpuria
Aspergillus niger
214
1 diploid nucleus of Ascomycetes in somatogamy forms how many ascospores
8
(4 through meiosis, multiplied by 2 cuz of mitosis)
215
Coprophilus fungi are
Pilobolus (zygo), Peziza (asco)
216
Nuerospora cressa (asco) is called
Drosophila of Plant Kingdom--- Fruit fly
Extensive work done on thiss by TH Morgor
217
Claviceps purpuria (asco) causes ___ in bajra
Ergot of Rye
218
Aspergillus niger release Aflatoxins. T/F
False. It helps in Citric acid extaction.
Aspergillus Flavous releases Aflatoxins- fatal.
219
Bakane/ Foolish seedling on rice is caused by (asco) ____
Gibberella Fugicori
220
Edible ascocarps are
Morrels, Truffles
221
Cheese is extracted from ___ asco
Penicillium roquiforty
Penicillium commemberty
222
Penicillium notatum is used to produce
Penicillin antibiotic
223
Largest size of fungi is found in class
Basidiomycetes== club fungi
224
2 mycellium are present in
Basidio
225
Habitat of basidio
Dead and decayed matter, Parasites, logs
226
Delayed karyogamy in basidio during somatogamy leads to formation of
-Parenthosome- handle like projections-- help in maintaining dikaryotization
-Forms dolipore septa-- secondary mycellium
-Basidiocarp
227
Outgrowth of bacidium forms a raindrop structure and spore called
Basidiospore
-exogenous, uninucleated, haploid, non motile
228
Smut disease is caused by (basidio)
Ustilago trirtici in wheat
229
Heteroecious fungi (basidio)-- is?
Puccina graminis tritici
Life cycle in 2 plants- wheat and barberry
Causes Rust disease in wheat
230
Father of Indian Mycology is
R Mehta
Did exp on Puccina graminis trittici
231
Button mushroom- edible is
Agaricus bisporus
232
Largest fungi is
Armillaria milla
233
Hallucinogens include
Psilocybe mexicana
234
death cup is
Amanita felloides
Other poisonous mushrooms== toadstools- Amanita muscaria
235
Lycoperidum is
Puff balls
236
Brackett fungi is
Polyphorus
237
Fungi imperfecti is
Dueteromycetes
No sex repro
238
__ class of fungi help in mineral recycling and litter decomposing
Dueteromycetes
239
Leaf spot==Brown spot disease is caused by ___ (deutero)
Helmanthosporium oryzae
caused bengal famine
240
Early blight of potato is caused by
Alternaria Solani- duetero
241
____ produced by Trychoderma polysporum (deutero) helps in organ transplant by suppressing immunty
Cyclosporun A
242
Colliotrichum falcatum causes
Red rot disease in sugarcane
243
Ringworm of foot is caused by (duetero)
Tricophyton interdigitate
244
Tikka disease on groundnut is caused by
Careospora Personata
245
Mycorrhizal roots are
Fungi associated plant roots
246
Hearting net is present in
Ectomycorrhiza
247
Glomus/ Boletus Fungi are associated with ___ roots
Pinus
248
Mycorrhizal roots are mainly formed by ___ and ___ fungi
Basidio- Ecto
Zygo- Endo
249
Queens of PK are
Orchids
250
____ roots in orchid help in absorbing P and N from soil?
VAM
Vascular, arbuscular mycorrhizal roots
251
Viruses were first discovered by? What else did he conclude?
D J Ivanowsky
Viruses are smaller than bac-- did exp with Tobacco mosaic virus
252
Contangium Vivum fluidium was said by
M W Bijerinek
253
W M Stanley observed crystallization of virus to which shape
Rod shape
300*20 nm
254
Zoophage have Dna. T?F
True
Phytophage have Rna
255
TMV has ____ nucleotides in ss rna
6400
256
Subunits of capsid are
Capsomere
2130 in TMV
257
Bacteriophage was discovered by
Twort and de heralle
258
ds linear dna is present in ___ virus
Bacteriophage
259
Tail fibers help in
attachment to host
260
Only rna is present in __- virus
Viroid
261
Prions have
only protein coat
262
Viral particles are called
Virion
263
Diseases caused by viroids
Potato spindle tuber
Citrus Exocartosis
Chrysanthimum stunt
264
Bovine Sponzyform Encephalopathy causes
Madcow disease
265
Laughing death disease is
KURU
266
___ prion disease affects human brain, causing brain cells to shrink?
Creudz feldt jakob (CFJ)
267
Scrapie disease is caused on ___- by prions
Sheeps
268
False chromosome is present in
Bacteria
269
Smallest and most resistant type of bac are
Coccus
270
Where is the basal body of Bacterial flagellum present
B/w cell wall and cell membrane
271
Inner pair of basal rings of flagellum are present __
Within cell cell membrane
SM
Thats why there in Gram positive
272
Each monomer of filament (of bac flagellum) are arranged in ___ shape
Spiral
273
___ helps bac attach to rocks and hosts
Fimbriae
274
____ forms capsule in bac
Cell membrane
275
Glycocalyx protects the bac from
WBC
Also- helps in colony formation
276
Bac cell membrane is made of
Lipoprotein
277
bacterial Cell wall is formed by
Mesosome
278
Saprotrophic bac that causes most lethal food poisoning (and is obligate anaerobe is)
Clostridium Botulinum
279
Bac used for genetic engineering are
E coli, agrabacterium (gram -ve)
280
____ causes souring wine (bac)
Acetobacter aceti
281
Bacterial cell divide by ___ which is faster than Mito and mieosis
Amitosis
282
Endospore formation is usually seen in ___ bac
Bacillus
283
Plant pathogenic bac are mostly
Gram -ve and non spore forming
284
___ belong to Myxophyceae
BGA
==Cyanophyceae
285
___ bga can be grown artificially in water tanks and act as fodder to cattle
Spirulina
286
Mucilagenous sheath is made of
Mucopolysaccharides (pectic acid)
287
Chromatophores of BGA have membrane around them. T/F
True
They're in the form of Vesicles lamellae
288
Gas vacuoles are found in
BGA, Purple n green photosynthetic bac
289
___ BGA is found in paddy fields, for increase production of rice
Aulosira mainly
Anabena too
290
Oldest living fossil are
Archaebac
-Grp of ancient bac
291
Osmotrophic mode of nutrition is seen in
mycoplasma
292
Richest source of bac
Soil
293
Prokaryotes which grow and multiply in very deep marine sediments are
Barophilic Prokaryotes
294
Dinoflagellates are marine and are found
on the surface of water
295
Armoured algae is
Dinoflagellates
296
False fungi are
Slime moulds
297
During unfav condition plasmodium differentiates to form ____
Fruiting bodies with spores in their tip
298
Slime mould which produces spore that survives for many years and dispersed later by air current is
Physarum
299
___ are cosmopolitan orgs
Fungi, live anywhere in warm and humid places
300
Fungi obtain their food through
Haustoria
301
Karyogamy in sex repro of fungi forms ____
Synkaryon
302
Narcotic drug _____ is obtained from Claviceps purpurea
LSD
Lysergic acid diethylamide
303
One gene- One enzyme theory was given by ___ by experimenting on
Beadle and Tatum
Neurospora cress
304
Morchella is commonly called
Morels
305
Birds nest fungi are
Cyathus and Nidularia
306
Slime moulds have cell wall at time of ___
Repro
307
Virus means
Poisonous fluid/Venom
308
Virus which are Spherical, Rod shaped, Tadpole like are:
Influenza, TMV, Bacteriophage
309
Cauliflower mosaic virus has
ds dna (all plant infecting virus have rna except this)
310
ss dna is present in ___ animal virus
Gemini virus
311
Central core and capsid of virus are collectively known as
Nucleoprotein
312
TMV shows __ symmetry
Helical symmetry
Capsids are arranged in helical manner
313
Phi * 174 bacteriophage has ___ symmetry
Icosahedral
314
TMV has ___ percent protein and ___ percent RNA
95- protein
5- RNA
315
Leaf curl of papaya is caused by
Viruses
316
Symptoms of virus disease in plants
Mosaic formation
Leaf rolling, curling, yellowing
Vein clearing
Dwarfing
Stunted growth
317
Human diseases caused by viruses
Influenza
Mumps
Small pox
Herpes disease
AIDS
318
Free infectious RNA is
Viroid
319
Slow viruses/ Smallest proteinaceous infectious agents are
Prions
320
Biological indicator of air pollution is
Lichens
321
Viroid that enters into another virus is called
Virusoid
322
Lichens show a symbiotic relationship b/w
Fungi- Mycobiont- 95 percent
Algae- Phycobiont- 5 percent
322
Asco and basidio lichens belong to ___ class respectively
Asco- Chlorophyceae
Basidio- Cyanophyceae
323
Asexual spores of lichens are
Soredia
324
Crustose (ball/club shaped lichens are)
Graphis and Lecamora
325
Old mans beard and Reindeer moss belong to ___ shape of lichens
Fruticose- Branch like
Reindeer moss- Cladonia
Old mans beard- Usnia
326
Fire of the forests are ___ lichens
Usnia
Have strong usnic acid that burns dry leaves, causing forest fire
327
Iceland moss is
Centraria ilandica
328
Foliose- leaf like lichen are
Parmelia, Peltizora
329
Pioneer if vegetation on barren rock is
Lichen
330
Lecanora is
Bread of Heaven of Jews
331
___ lichen is used in salad. It is also called Rock flower
Parmelia
332
___ treats burning wounds (lichen)
Usnia
333
