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bio flashcards 2024 > Biological Classification > Flashcards

Biological Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification and used simple morphological characters to classify plants?

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

On the basis of which characters Aristotle classified plants into trees, shrubs and herbs?

A

Simple morphological characters

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3
Q

Name of the two kingdoms that were developed during Linnaeus time

A

Plantae and Animalia

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4
Q

Who proposed the five kingdom classification system?

A

R-H Whittaker

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5
Q

Name the five kingdoms defined by the Whittaker-

A

Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

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6
Q

Sole members of Kingdom Monera are

A

Bacteria

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7
Q

Most abundant micro-organisms are

A

Bacteria

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8
Q

Spherical shaped bacteria are grouped under which category?

A

Coccus

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9
Q

Rod-shaped bacteria are under which category?

A

Bacillus

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10
Q

Comma-shaped bacteria are grouped under which category?

A

Vibrium(pl.:vibrio)

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11
Q

Spiral-shaped bacteria are grouped under which category?

A

Spirillium

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12
Q

Compared to many other organisms, which group show the most extensive metabolic diversity?

A

Bacteria

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13
Q

Archaebacteria that live in the salty areas are known as

A

halophiles

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14
Q

Archaebacteria that live in the hot springs are known as

A

thermoacidophiles

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15
Q

Archaebacteria that live in the marshy areas are known as

A

methanogens

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16
Q

Methanogens are reponsible for the production of which gas?

A

Methane (biogas)

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17
Q

The eubacteria are also referred as blue green algae

A

Cyanobacteria

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18
Q

Which chlorophyll pigment is present in cyanobacteria for photosynthesis

A

Chlorophyll a

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19
Q

Some of blue green algae can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called

A

Heterocyst

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20
Q

The colonies of cyanobacteria are generally surrounded by

A

gelatinous/ mucilagnous sheath

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21
Q

Examples of blue-green algae that can fix atmospheric nitrogen

A

Nostoc and Anabaena

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22
Q

Bacteria that oxidise various inorganic substances such as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia

A

Chemosynthetic autotrophic

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23
Q

Bacteria which play an important role in recycling nutrients, phosphorus, iron and sulphur

A

Chemosynthetic autotrophic

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24
Q

The bacteria that are used in making curd from milk, production of antibiotics and fixing nitrogen in legume roots is called

A

Heterotrophic bacteria

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25
Q

Cholera, typhoid, tetanus, citrus canker are well known diseases caused by

A

Bacteria

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26
Q

Bacteria reproduce mainly by

A

fission

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27
Q

Under unfavourable conditions, bacteria produce

A

spores

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28
Q

Bacteria that completely lack cell wall is

A

Mycoplasma

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29
Q

Smallest living cells known and can survive without oxygen is

A

Mycoplasma

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30
Q

Under which kingdom all single-celled eukaryotes are placed

A

Protista

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31
Q

Which group includes diatoms and golden algae(desmids) ?

A

Chryosphytes

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32
Q

The cell wall forms two thin overlapping shells, which fit together as in a soap box is known as

A

Diatoms

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33
Q

____ are the chief producers in the oceans

A

Diatoms

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34
Q

Two flagella; one lies longitudinal and other transversely in a furrow between the wall plates is present in

A

Dinoflagellates

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35
Q

Red dinoflagellates that undergo rapid multiplication and make the sea appear red(red tides)-

A

Gonyaulax

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36
Q

Instead of cell wall, euglenoids have a protein rich layer called

A

Pellicle

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37
Q

Which protista group when deprived of sunlight behave like heterotrophs by predating on other smaller organisms-

A

Euglenoids

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38
Q

Pigments of ____ are identical to those present in higher plants -

A

Euglenoids

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39
Q

Under suitable conditions, slime moulds form an aggregation called

A

Plasmodium

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40
Q

Which protista group is primitive relatives of animals ?

A

Protozoans

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41
Q

Entamoeba is which type of Protozoan?

A

Amoeboid protozoans

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42
Q

Amoeboid protozoans move and capture their prey by putting out

A

pseudopodia

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43
Q

Example of flagellated protozoan is

A

Trypanosoma

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44
Q

Example of ciliated protozoan is

A

Paramoecium

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45
Q

Example of sporozoan that is malarial parasite is

A

Plasmodium

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46
Q

Name the unicellular fungi which is used to make bread and beer

A

Yeast

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47
Q

Which rust-causing fungi is known as

A

Puccinia

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48
Q

Examples of fungus which is source of antibiotics

A

Penicillium

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49
Q

Fungi body consists of long, slender thread-like structures called

A

hyphae

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50
Q

The network of hyphae is known as

A

mycelium

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51
Q

Hyphae that are continous tubes with multinucleated cytoplasm- these are called

A

coenocytic hyphae

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52
Q

The cell wall of fungi is composed of

A

chitin and polysaccharides

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53
Q

Fungi can live as symboints- in association with algae known as

A

lichens

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54
Q

Symbiotic association of fungus with roots of higher plants is known as

A

mycorrhiza

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55
Q

Fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes are called

A

plasmogamy

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56
Q

Fusion of two nuclei is called

A

karyogamy

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57
Q

In fungi (ascomycetes and basidiomycetes), an intervening dikaryotic stage (n + n, i.e. two nuclei per cell) occurs; such a condition is called

A

dikaryon

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58
Q

In Phycomycetes mycelium is

A

aseptate and coenocytic

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59
Q

Name the fungi which is also known as bread mould

A

Rhizopus

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60
Q

Ascomycetes are commonly known as

A

sac fungi

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61
Q

Fungi that grow on dung are known as

A

corprophilous

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62
Q

Mycelium in Ascomycetetes is

A

branched and septate

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63
Q

Asexual spores of Ascomycetes are known as

A

conidia

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64
Q

Sexual spores of Ascomycetes are known as

A

ascospores

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65
Q

An example of Ascomycetes that is extensively in biochemical and genetic work

A

Neurospora

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66
Q

Many members like ___ and ___ are edible and are considered delicacies

A

Morels and Truffles

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67
Q

The basidiospores are exogenously produced on the

A

basidium

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68
Q

Example of smut fungus is

A

Ustilago

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69
Q

Example of rust fungus is

A

Puccinia

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70
Q

Deuteromycetes is commonly known as

A

Imperfect fungi

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71
Q

Mycelium of Deuteromycetes is

A

Septate and branched

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72
Q

The deuteromycetes reproduce only by asexual spores known as

A

conidia

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73
Q

Examples of Deuteromycetes is

A

Alternaria, Collectotrichum

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74
Q

Examples of partially heterotrophic plants is

A

Bladderwort and venus fly trap and cuscuta

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75
Q

Example of plant as a parasite is

A

Cuscuta

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76
Q

Members of Kingdom Animalia store food reserves as

A

glycogen or fat

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77
Q

In member of Kingdom Animalia mode of nutrition is

A

holozoic

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78
Q

Name thescientist who gave the definition of virus as venom or poisonous fluid

A

Louis Pasteur

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79
Q

Certain microbes recognised as casual organism of the mosaic disease of tobacco is called

A

Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)

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80
Q

Who demonstrated that the extract of the infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plants?

A

M.W Beijerinek

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81
Q

Who showed that viruses could be crystallised and crystals consists largely of proteins?

A

W M Stanley

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82
Q

In virus capsid is made of small subunits is known as

A

capsomeres

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83
Q

Who discovered a new infectious agent that was smaller than viruses and caused potato spindle tuber disease?

A

T O Diener

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84
Q

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) commonly called mad cow disease in cattle is caused by

A

Prions

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85
Q

Analogous variant of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is ____ in humans

A

Cr Jacob Disease

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86
Q

Symbiotic association i.e. mutually useful associations, between algae and fungi is known as

A

Lichens

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87
Q

The algal component in Lichens is known as

A

phycobiont

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88
Q

The fungal component in Lichens is known as

A

mycobiont

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89
Q

Since the drawn of civilisation, there have been many attemy to classify ___ organisma

A

living

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90
Q

Earliest attempts of classifications were borne out of need to use organisms for our own use - for ____, _____ and ______

A

food, shelter and chlothing

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91
Q

Aristotle divided animals into two groups on the basis of presence of ___

A

red blood

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92
Q

____ didnot distinguish between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms and photosynthetic (green algae) and non-photosynthetic (fungi) organism

A

Two kingdom system of classification

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93
Q

Classification of organisms into ___ and ___ was easily done and was easy to understand, but, a large number of organisms did not fall into either category

A

plants, animals

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94
Q

Besides, gross morphology a need was also felt for including other characteristics like ____, nature of wall, _____, habitat, methods of reproduction, _____, etc

A

cell structure, mode of nutrition, evolutionary relatonships

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95
Q

____ and ___ kingdoms have been a constant under all different classification systems.

A

Plant, animal

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96
Q

The ____ and ___ of other kingdoms have also been understood differently by differernt scientists over the time.

A

number, nature

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97
Q

The main criteria for classifcation used by Whittaker include cell structure, ____, mode of nutrition, ___ and phylogenetic relationships.

A

body organisation, reproduction

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98
Q

Earlier classification systems include bacteria, blue green algae, ___, mosses, ___, ____ and the angiosperms under ‘plants’

A

fungi, ferns, gymnsperms

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99
Q

The character that unified whole kingdom pf plant under earlier classification was that all the organisms included had a ___ in their cells.

A

cell wall

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100
Q

Earlier classification systems for plants brought together the ___ bacteria and blue green algae (cyanobacteria) with other groups which were _____

A

prokaryotic, eukaryotic

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101
Q

Earlier classification systems grouped together the unicellular organisms and the multicellular ones, say, for example, _____ and _____ were placed together under algae

A

Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra

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102
Q

Noncellulosic cell wall containing polysaccharide amino acid is found in kingdom _____

A

Monera

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103
Q

Cell wall is absent in kingdom _____

A

Animalia

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104
Q

Nuclear membrane is present in all kingdoms except _____

A

Monera

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105
Q

Loose tissue body organisation is found in kingdom ______

A

Fungi

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106
Q

Cellular body organisation is found in kingdom ____ and _____

A

Monera, Protista

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107
Q

Autotrophic mode of nutrition is present in kingdom _____, ______ and ______

A

Monera, Protista and plantae

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108
Q

Heterotrophic mode of nutrition is present in kingdom ____ and _____

A

Fungi and Animalia

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109
Q

The fungi had ___ in their walls while green plants had a _____ cell wall.

A

chitin, cellulosic

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110
Q

All prokaryotic organisms were grouped together under kingdom ____ and the unicellular eukaryotic eukaryotic organisms were placed in kingdom ____

A

Monera, Protista

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111
Q

Over time, an attempt has been made to evolve a classification system which reflects not only the morphological, ____ and ____ similarities, but is also phylogenetic.

A

physiological, reproductive

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112
Q

Phylogenetic relationships are based on ____ relationships.

A

evolutionary

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113
Q

_____ occur almost everywhere

A

bacteria

114
Q

Bacteria also live in extreme habitats sucha as ___, deserts, snow and _____ where very few life forms can survive

A

hot springs, deep oceans

115
Q

Many bacteria live in or on other organisms as ______

A

parasites

116
Q

Through the bacterial structure is very _____, they are very complex in ____.

A

simple, behaviour

117
Q

____ bacteria synthesise their own food from inorganic substrates.

A

Autotrophic

118
Q

Autotrophic bacteria may be ____ or _____

A

photosynthetic autotrophic or chemosynthetic autotrophic.

119
Q

The vast majority of bacteria are ____, i.e., they depend on other organisms or on dead ____ matter for food

A

heterotrophs, organic

120
Q

Archaebacteria are special since they live in some of the most ____ habitants

A

harsh

121
Q

Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different _____ structure.

A

cell wall

122
Q

Having a different cell wall structure is responsible for survival of ______ in extreme conditions

A

archaebacteria

123
Q

Methanogens are present in the gut of several ____ animals such as cows and buffaloes.

A

ruminant

124
Q

There are thousands of different ___ or ‘true bacteria’

A

eubacteria

125
Q

Eubacteria are characterised by the presence of rigid ____, and if motile, a ____

A

cell wall, flagellum

126
Q

The cyanobacteria are ____, colonial or filamentous, freshwater/ marine or _____ algae

A

unicellular, terrestrial

127
Q

Blue green algae often form ___ in polluted water bodies.

A

blooms

128
Q

___ bacteria are most abundant in nature

A

heterotropic

129
Q

Majority of heterotrophic bacteria are important _____

A

decomposers

130
Q

Bacteria also reproduce by a sort of sexual reproduction by adapting a primitive type of _____ from one bacterium to the other

A

DNA transfer

131
Q

Many mycoplasma are ____ in animals and plants.

A

pathogenic

132
Q

All single-celled eukaryotes are placed under _____

A

protista

133
Q

The boundaries of kingdom _____ are not well defined

A

protista

134
Q

What may be ‘a photosynthetic protistian’ to one biologist may be ‘____’ to another

A

plant

135
Q

Members of Protista are primarily _____

A

aquatic

136
Q

Kingdoms protista forms a link with the others dealing with _____, ______ and _______.

A

plants, animals and fungi

137
Q

Being eukaryotes, the protistan cell body contains a well defined nucleus and other ____ organelles.

A

membrane-bound

138
Q

Some members of kingdom protista have _____ or ______

A

flagella, cilla

139
Q

Protists reproduce asexually and sexually by a process involving _____ and ____ formation

A

cell fusion, zygote

140
Q

Chrysophytes are found in _____ as well as in ____ environments

A

freshwater, marine

141
Q

Chrysophytes are ____ and float passively in water currents

A

microscopic

142
Q

Most of the chrysophytes are ___

A

photosynthetic

143
Q

The walls of diatoms are embedded with ____ and thus the walls are indestructible

A

silica

144
Q

Diatoms have left behind large amount of ____ deposits in their habitat

A

cell wall

145
Q

Accumulation of diatom’s cell wall deposits over billions of years is referred to as ___

A

diatomaceous earth

146
Q

Being ___ diatomaceous earth is used in _____, filtration of oils and syrups

A

gritty, polishing

147
Q

Dinoflagellates are mostly marine and ____

A

photosynthetic

148
Q

Dinoflagellates appear yellow, green, brown, blue or red depending on the main ___ present in their cells

A

pigments

149
Q

The cell wall in dinoflagellates has stiff _____ plates on the outer surface

A

cellulose

150
Q

____ released by large number of dinoflagellates may even kill other marine animals such as fishes

A

toxins

151
Q

Majority of euglenoids are fresh water organisms found in ____ water

A

stagnant

152
Q

Due to pellicle, the body of euglenoids is ___

A

flexible

153
Q

Euglenoids are ____ in the presence of sunlight

A

photosynthetic

154
Q

Slime moulds are ____ protists

A

saprophytic

155
Q

The body of slime moulds moves along decaying twigs and leaves ____ organic material

A

engulfing

156
Q

During unfavourable conditions, the ____ differentiates and forms ______ bearing spores at their tips

A

plasmodium; fruiting bodies

157
Q

The spores of plasmodium possess true ____

A

walls

158
Q

The spores of ____ are extremely ____ and survive for many years, even under adverse conditions

A

plasmodium; resistant

159
Q

In plasmodium, the spores are dispersed by _____

A

air currents

160
Q

All protozoans are heterotrophs and live as ____ or _____

A

predators, parasites

161
Q

There are ____ major groups of protozoans

A

four

162
Q

Amoeboid protozoans live in freshwater, ____ or ____

A

seawater, moist soil

163
Q

Marine form of amoeboid protozoans have _____ on their surface

A

silica shells

164
Q

Examples of an amoeboid protozoan which is parasitic is _____

A

Entamoeba

165
Q

Flagellated protozoans are characterised by the presence of ___

A

flagella

166
Q

Flagellated protozoans are either _____ or _____

A

free - living, parasitic

167
Q

____ is a parasitic form that causes diseases such as sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma

168
Q

Ciliated protozoans are aquatic, actively moving organisms because of the presence of thousands of ____

A

cilia

169
Q

Ciliated protozoans have a cavity (___) that opens to the outside of the cell surface

A

gullet

170
Q

The ____ movement of rows of cilia causes the water laden with food to be steered into the ____

A

coordinated, gullet

171
Q

Sporozoans include diverse organisms that have an infectious ___ stage in their life cycle

A

spore-like

172
Q

The fungi constitute a unique kingdom of ___ organisms

A

heterotrophic

173
Q

The fungi show a great diversity in __ and habitat

A

morphology

174
Q

The common mushroom you eat and _____ are ____

A

toadstools, fungi

175
Q

White spots seen on _____ leaves are due to a parasitic fungus

A

mustard

176
Q

Fungi are ____ and occur in air, water, soil and on animals and plants

A

cosmopolitan

177
Q

Fungi prefer to grow in ___ and ____ places

A

warm, humid

178
Q

We keep food in the refrigerator to prevent food from going bad due to ____ or ___ infections

A

bacterial, fungal

179
Q

With the exception of yeats which are _____, fungi are ____

A

unicellular, filamentous

180
Q

Some fungi may have ___ or ____ in their hyphae

A

septate, cross walls

181
Q

Most fungi are heterotrophic and absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates and hence are called ____

A

saprophytes

182
Q

Those fungi that depend on living plants and animals are called ____

A

parasites

183
Q

Vegetative means of reproduction in fungi include _____

A

fragmentation, fission and budding

184
Q

What are the asexual spores found in fungi?

A

conidia, sporangiospores, zoospores

185
Q

What are the sexual spores found in fungi ?

A

oospores, ascospores and basidiospores

186
Q

The various spores are produced in distinct structures called ____

A

fruiting bodies

187
Q

The sexual cycle in fungi involves ___ steps

A

three

188
Q

___ in zygote results in the formation of ____ spores

A

Meiosis, haploid

189
Q

When a fungus reproduces sexually, two haploid hyphae of ____ mating types come together and fuse

A

compatible

190
Q

In some fungi the fusion of two haploid cells immediately results in ____ cells

A

diploid

191
Q

Phase of occurence of an intervening dikaryotic stage (n + n, i.e. two nuclei per cell) is called _____ of fungus

A

dikaryophase

192
Q

The fungi form ____ in which reduction division occurs, leading to formation of ____ spores

A

fruiting bodies, haploid

193
Q

The morphology of the mycelium, ___ and fruiting bodies from the basis for the division of the kingdom into various classes

A

mode of spore formation

194
Q

Members of _____ are found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places or as ___ on plants

A

phycomycetes, obligate parasites

195
Q

Asexual reproduction in phycomycetes takes place by motile ____

A

zoospores

196
Q

Asexual reproduction in phycomycetes takes place by non-motile _____

A

aplanospores

197
Q

The asexual spores are endogenously produced in ____

A

sporangium

198
Q

A ____ is formed by fusion of two gametes

A

zygospore

199
Q

The gametes that are similar in morphology are called ___

A

isogamous

200
Q

The gametes that are dissimilar in morphology are called___

A

anisogamous or oogamous

201
Q

___ is the parasitic fungi found on mustard

A

Albugo

202
Q

An example of multicellular ascomycetes is ___

A

Penicillium

203
Q

An example of unicellular ascomycetes is ___

A

yeast (Saccharomyces)

204
Q

Conidia are produces exogenously on the special mycelium called ____

A

conidiophores

205
Q

Conidia on germination produce ____

A

mycelium

206
Q

Ascospores are produces ___ in sac like asci (singular ascus)

A

endogenously

207
Q

The asci are arranged in different types of fruiting bodies called ____

A

ascocarps

208
Q

Aspergillus and Claviceps belong to which class of fungi ?

A

Ascomycetes

209
Q

Commonly known forms of basidiomycetes are ____ bracket fungi or _____

A

mushrooms, puffballs

210
Q

Basidiomycetes grow in soil, on logs and tree stumps and in living plant bodies as parasites, e.g., ____ and ____

A

rusts, smuts

211
Q

The mycelium is ___ and ____ in basidiomycetes

A

branched, septate

212
Q

The asexual spores are generally not found in ___

A

basidiomycetes

213
Q

In basidiomycetes vegetative reproduction by ____ is common

A

fragmentation

214
Q

In basidiomycetes sex organs are ____

A

absent

215
Q

In basidiomycetes ____ is brought about by fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different ___ or ______

A

plasmogamy, strains, genotypes

216
Q

The resultant structure of plasmogamy in basidiomycetes is ____ which ultimately gives rise to basidium

A

dikaryotic

217
Q

Plasmogamy in basidiomycetes results in a dikaryotic structure which ultimately gives rise to ____

A

basidium

218
Q

Karyogamy and meiosis take place in the basidium producing ____ basidiospores

A

four

219
Q

The basidia are arranged in fruiting bodies called _____

A

basidiocarps

220
Q

In deuteromycetes only the ___ or ____ phases of these fungi are known

A

asexual, vegetative

221
Q

Fungi belonging to class ___ are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling

A

deuteromycetes

222
Q

Kingdom Plantae include all eukaryotic _____containing organisms commonly called plants

A

chlorophyll

223
Q

The plants have eukaryotic structure with prominent ___ and cell wall mainly made of cellulose

A

chloroplasts

224
Q

Plants includes _____

A

algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms

225
Q

Life cycle of plants has ___ distinct phases

A

two

226
Q

The diploid sporophytic and the haploid ____ phase alternate with each other in plants

A

gametophytic

227
Q

The length of haploid and diploid phases, and whether the phases are ____ or ___ on others, vary among different groups in plants

A

free-living, dependent

228
Q

The phenomenon called alternation of generation is found in kingdom ____

A

plantae

229
Q

The kingdom animalia is characterised by heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms that are

A

multicellular

230
Q

Members of kingdom animalia lack ____ in their cells

A

cell walls

231
Q

Members of kingdom animalia directly or indirectly depend on ____ for food

A

plants

232
Q

Mode of nutrition by ingestion of food is called ____

A

holozoic

233
Q

Animals follow a definite growth pattern and grow into adults that have a definite ____ and _____

A

shape, size

234
Q

Higher forms of animals show elaborate ____ and _____ mechanism

A

sensory, neuromotor

235
Q

Most members of kingdom _____ are capable of locomotion

A

animalia

236
Q

In kingdom animalia sexual reproduction is by copulation of male and female followed by _____ development

A

embryological

237
Q

In the five kingdom classification of Whittaker there is no mention of _____ and some acellular organisms

A

lichens

238
Q

Name some acellular organisms

A

viruses, viroids and prions

239
Q

Common cold or ‘flu’ is caused by ____

A

viruses

240
Q

Viruses did not find a place in classification since they are not considered truly _____

A

living

241
Q

The viruses are non-cellular organisms that are characterized by having an ___ structure outside the living cell

A

Crystalline

242
Q

Once a virus infects a cell they take over the machinery of the host cell to ____ themselves, killing the host

A

replicate

243
Q

Dmitri Ivanowsky found causal organism of the mosaic disease of tobacc to be smaller than ____

A

bacteria

244
Q

M.W. Beijerinek called the infectious living fluid as _____

A

Contagium vivum fluidum

245
Q

Viruses are inert outside their specific ____ cell

A

host

246
Q

Viruses are obligate ____

A

parasites

247
Q

In addition to ___ viruses also contain genetic material, that could be either ____

A

proteins, DNA or RNA

248
Q

No virus contains both ___ and ____

A

RNA, DNA

249
Q

A virus is a nucleoprotein and the ____ material is infectious

A

genetic

250
Q

In general, viruses that infect plants have ____ RNA

A

single stranded

251
Q

In general, viruses that infect animals have either ____ RNA or _____ DNA

A

single or double stranded, double stranded

252
Q

___ are viruses that infect the bacteria

A

Bacteriophages

253
Q

Bacterial viruses or bacteriophages are usually _____ DNA viruses

A

double stranded

254
Q

____ protects the nuclei acid

A

capsid

255
Q

The ____ are arranged in helical or polyhedral geometric forms

A

capsomers

256
Q

_____ causes diseases like mumps, small pox, herpes and influenza

A

Viruses

257
Q

AIDS in humans is also caused by a _____

A

virus

258
Q

In plants, the symptoms of viral infection can be ___

A

mosaic formation, leaf rolling and curling

259
Q

In plants, the symptoms of viral infections can be ____ and vein clearing, dwarfing and _____ growth

A

yellowing, stunted

260
Q

The protein coat of virus is called ____

A

capsid

261
Q

____ were found to be a free RNA

A

Viroids

262
Q

Viroids lacked the ____ that is found in viruses

A

protein coat

263
Q

The RNA of the viroid was of low ____

A

molecular weight

264
Q

In moder medicine certain infectious _____ disease were found to be transmitted by an agent consisting of abnormally ____

A

neurological, folded protein

265
Q

___ are similar in size to viruses

A

Prions

266
Q

Phycobionts and mycobionts are ___ and ____, respectively

A

autotrophic, heterotrophic

267
Q

In case of lichens, ____ prepare food for fungi

A

algae

268
Q

In lichens, fungi provide ____ and mineral nutrients and ____ for its parter

A

shelter, water

269
Q

If one saw a ____ in nature one would never imagine that two different organisms within them

A

lichen

270
Q

Lichens are very good ____ indicators

A

pollution

271
Q

___ do not grow in polluted areas

A

Lichens

272
Q

Viruses are inert outside their specific ____ cell

A

host

273
Q

Mark A, B, C and D in the given figure

A

A - Cocci

B - Bacilli

C - Spirilla

D - Vibrio

274
Q

Mark A and B in the given figure

A

A - Heterocyst

B - Mucilagenous Sheath

275
Q

Mark A, B and C in the given figure

A

A - Cell wall

B - Cell Membrane

C - DNA

276
Q

Mark A and B in the given figure

A

A -Euglena

B -Paramoecium

277
Q

Mark A, B and C in the given figure.

A

A - Mucor

B - Aspergillus

C - Agaricus

278
Q

Mark A and B in the given figure

A

A - RNA

B - Capsid

279
Q

Mark A, B , C, and D in the given figure

A

A - Head

B - Collar

C - Sheath

D - Tail Fibres

280
Q

Mark A & B in the given figure.

A

A - Dinoflagellates, B - Slime moulds

bio flashcards 2024 (6 decks)

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