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Biological Diversity Flashcards

Grade 9 Cedarstrand 2024/25 (81 cards)

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1
Q

What is Genetic Diversity?

A

Genes giving variation between and within species

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2
Q

What Is a Niche?

A

An organisms role in an ecosystem. Where an organism lives and what it eats.

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3
Q

In order for sexual reproduction to be successful requirements must be met such as…

A

-Both Male and Female gametes must be in the same place at the same time.
-Zygote needs nutrients, moisture, warmth and protection.
-Liquid environment so sperm can swim and not dry out.

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4
Q

What is DNA?

A

Building blocks/design plan for the entire living thing. Composed of Guanine, Aedine, Thymine and Cytosine.

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5
Q

What are Somatic Cells?

A

Cells in the body that are responsible for reproduction (Not egg or sperm). These divide by mitosis.

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6
Q

What is Variation?

A

Differences in characteristics of organisms. Caused by genetic and environmental factors

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7
Q

What is Competition?

A

Occurs when one or more essential resources are scarce. Can occur within a species for mates.

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8
Q

What are 3 components of biodiversity?

A

-Community
-Genetic
-Ecosystem

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9
Q

Narrow Niche, also known as a…

A

Specialist. Has specific needs, cannot adapt well, lots of different species but the population of each species is low.

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10
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction.

A

Advantages - Variety, better chance of survival.
Disadvantages - Need a mate, egg and sperm have to be at the same place at the same time.

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11
Q

What’s a pollen tube?

A

Helps transport male gametes toward the female gametes. Along the entire length of the pistil.

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12
Q

What’s continuous variation?

A

Characteristics that have LOTS of possibilities. Ex. Height and eye color.

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13
Q

What’s discrete variation?

A

Characteristics that have limited numbers of possibilities. Ex. Gender

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14
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction.

A

Advantages - Lots of offspring (FAST), Dont need a mate, If parent flourishes, offspring has a greater chance of survival.
Disadvantages - No variation, Increase competition with your own offspring.

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15
Q

What’s External Fertilization?

A

When fertilization occurs outside of the female.

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16
Q

What’s Guanine?

A

A nucleotide base. Paired with Cytosine in DNA.

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17
Q

What are Chromosomes?

A

Large strands of DNA coiled around proteins. 23 pairs in the human body. 23 male, 23 female.

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17
Q

What are Zygospores?

A

Hyphae from different colonies meet to donate DNA to make genetically different offspring.

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18
Q

What are Recessive Traits?

A

Only when 2 traits are inherited will the offspring show that trait. tt = offspring cannot roll tongue.

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19
Q

What is heredity/inheritance?

A

Characteristics passed from parent to offspring.

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20
Q

Where does the genetic info for sexual reproduction come from?

A

2 different parents

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21
Q

What is a Dominant Trait?

A

If one or more dominant trait is inherited the offspring will show that trait. TT or Tt you will be able to roll your tongue.

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21
Q

What is genetics?

A

The branch of science that deals with heredity.

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21
Q

What is Budding?

A

A cell produces buds, when the bud is fully developed it detaches itself and becomes independent.

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22
What's the Stamen?
The male reproductive part of a flower. Contains (from top to bottom) the pollen, anther and filament.
23
How does Meiosis work and which cells use it?
1 cell splits into 2 and those 2 split, leaving 4 cells. This results in the formation of egg and sperm. Used by the sex cells. MeioSEX.
24
What's an Embryo?
When a zygote divides into 2 cells until a multicellular life form occurs.
24
What is the Pistil?
The female reproductive part of a plant. Contains (from top to bottom) the stigma, style, ovary and the ovules.
25
What are Gymnosperms?
Pine plants - cones.
25
What's a Gene?
A portion of DNA that codes a specific trait.
25
What are Ovules?
The structure of a plant that develops into a seed during fertilization.
26
What is Mitosis and what cells use it?
1 Cell split into 2 individual copies. Body cells use it. MiTOEsis.
27
How does Ecosystem Diversity impact biodiversity?
The habitat sets the stage for what can live there, when habitats change, species have to adapt too. Therefore influencing biodiversity positively and negatively.
27
What is a Population?
Members of a specific species live in a specific area and share resources.
27
What is Community Diversity?
Populations of different species living in the same area.
28
What's Symbiosis?
When organisms adapt to live in close contact with each other even though they are different species.
29
What are Mutations?
Genes can get mutated, if the mutation is helpful, they will survive and the gene will be passed down, possibly becoming a dominant trait.
29
What are the essential resources?
Food, Water, Sunlight, Shelter, Territory, Mates
30
What happens to biodiversity moving towards and from the poles? Why?
By the poles, -Biodiversity decreases -Temperature and humidity vary -Food/shelter is more scarce. By the equator biodiversity is increased -Stable climate, humidity and temperature. -Plentiful food, resources and shelter.
31
Broad Niche, also known as a...
Generalist. Naturally adapt, varied niche, few different species but lots of population in each species.
32
What is Speciation?
The evolution of one species from a single ancestor.
33
In order for speciation to occur members of a species need to...
Be separated in space or time.
34
What's Mutualism?
When both organisms benefit from a relationship.
34
What's Commensalism?
When one organism benefits from a relationship and the other is neither benefited or harmed.
35
What's Parasitism?
When one organism benefits from a relationship while the other is harmed.
36
What's a Behavioral Adaptation?
A learned behavior that helps an organism survive in its environment.
37
How do you calculate the diversity of an area?
Of runs (types) / # of specimens (total).
38
What does the biodiversity index measure?
How many different species there is in a community.
39
What's a Habitat?
A place or environment where an organism naturally lives.
40
What are genetics?
Genes that give variation between and within species.
41
What does comparing diversity between species mean?
Comparing one species to another. Ex, Dog to Cat
41
What does comparing diversity within a species mean?
Comparing members of the same species. Ex, Dog to Dog
42
What do High and Low numbers mean on the diversity index?
High - Greater stability. Low- Doesn't have many different organisms.
43
Chromosomes determine...
If the organism is male, female, bird, dog, ect. They carry genetic information.
43
What's a Structural Adaptation?
An inherited physical characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment.
44
What's Community?
When populations of different species live in the same area.
45
What determines a species?
Organisms that breed naturally and offspring is fertile.
46
What is Biodiversity?
The number and variety of organisms in an area. We NEED it to survive!
47
What are Sex Cells?
Gametes. Our egg and sperm, responsible for reproduction.
48
What is Binary Fission?
When a cell duplicates its contents then separates into two.
49
Egg is also known as...
Ova
50
How does reproduction with spores work?
The Cells inside a spore coat may undergo one or two cell divisions then eventually break out and become a new organism.
51
What's Cytosine?
A nucleotide base. Paired with Guanine in DNA.
52
What does Non-Heritable mean?
Characteristics that cannot be passed down from one generation to another. Ex. Playing an instrument.
53
Cells divide because...
-Growth -Repair -Replacement of tissue
54
In order for a seed to germinate it needs...
-Warmth -Moist -O2 in soil
55
What's Fertilization?
The union of egg and sperm cells (Also pollination)
56
What is Bacterial Conjunction?
The transfer of genetic info. Does NOT result in offspring but increases diversity.
57
What's Pollination?
The union of egg and sperm cells (Also fertilization)
58
What is a Zygote?
The first cell of an organism. Made of two gametes.
59
Where does genetic information come from in Asexual Reproduction?
One parent.
60
What's Adenine?
A nucleotide base. Paired with Thymine in DNA.
61
What's Thymine?
A nucleotide base. Paired with Adenine in DNA.
61
What are Angiosperms?
Flowering plants.
62
What is Internal Fertilization?
When fertilization occurs within the female. -More constant -Less harsh -Better chance of survival
63
What's Genetic Engineering?
Moving pieces of DNA from one cell to another. This allows for genes to be moved from one organism to another and even moving desirable characteristics from one species to another.
64
What are Biotechnologies?
Technology based on biology. It utilizes biological systems, living organisms or parts to develop or create different products.
65
What's Artificial Selection?
Also known as selective breeding. A technique which involves individual plants or animals with desirable traits to be selectively bred.
66
What are Seed Banks?
Places where seeds are stored safely to protect plant diversity for the future. Seeds are kept in special conditions (cold and dry) to stay alive for many years. Help protect endangered or rare plants.
67
What is the "Theory of Natural Selection? And who founded this theory?
Darwin created this theory and it can be summed up in 4 points. 1.All organisms produce more than can possibly survive. 2.All species have incredible variation within. 3.Some variations increase chances of an organisms survival to reproduce. 4.Variations passed on can lead to changes in genetic characteristics of a species over time.
68

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