Biological Diversity - Section 4 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Biological Diversity - Section 4 Deck (14)
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1
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

The process of humans selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits to produce offspring with the desired traits

2
Q

What are biotechnologies?

A

The process whereby we use living things to make our lives easier or safer by making agricultural, industrial, or medicinal products

3
Q

What are common biotechnologies in use today?

A

Cloning
Artificial reproductive technology
Genetic engineering

4
Q

What is cloning?

A

A clone is a genetically identical copy of an entire organism, created from the cells or genes of the original organism

5
Q

What are artificial reproductive technologies?

A

Includes the processes of artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization

6
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

This is technology that directly alters the DNA of an organism. It often involves inserting a gene from one species into another species

7
Q

What are some risks of using biotechnologies?

A

Narrowing the genetic base and therefore reducing variation. This can make the species more vulnerable to natural selection

There are still many problems with cloning and genetic engineering

8
Q

What is extinction?

A

Occurs when an organism has disappeared from the entire planet

9
Q

What is extirpated?

A

Occurs when an organism has disappeared from a specific region, but still exists in other regions

10
Q

What are some natural causes of extinction and extirpation?

A

Catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions, floods, and/or fires

Lack of food due to overpopulation

Disease

11
Q

What are some human causes of extinction and extirpation?

A

Habitant destruction
Introduction of non-native species
Over-hunting

12
Q

How can we reduce the negative impact that we have on biological diversity?

A

We need to provide more linked protected areas to allow for the movement of animals between large areas of wilderness

13
Q

What is In-situ conversation?

A

Means maintaining diversity of species within their own functioning ecosystems

14
Q

What is Ex-situ conservation?

A

Means conservation outside a species’ natural habitat