Matter/Chemical Change - Section 2

Question 1

What is the smallest unit of matter?

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

What are the points of the Atomic Theory?

Answer 2

All matter is made up of atoms
Atoms of one element are different from atoms of another element
Atoms may combine with other atoms to form larger particles called molecules
Atoms cannot be created or destroyed by ordinary chemical means

Question 3

What are atoms?

Answer 3

The smallest independent particles of an element that can exist in nature

Question 4

Atoms are made up of three ________ _________

Answer 4

Subatomic particles

Question 5

What is a proton?

Answer 5

Positive charge, found in the nucleus, approximately half the mass of the atom

Question 6

What is a neutron?

Answer 6

Neutral charge, found in the nucleus, approximately half the mass of the atom

Question 7

What is an electron?

Answer 7

Negative charge, found orbiting the nucleus, very little mass

Question 8

In an atom, the number of __________ must equal the number of ____________

Answer 8

Protons, electrons

Question 9

Describe John Dalton’s atom model.

Answer 9

Billiard ball model - he thought the atoms as tiny spheres

Question 10

Describe JJ Thomson’s atom model.

Answer 10

Raisin bun model - he thought of the atom as a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded within it

Question 11

Describe Hantaro Nagaoka’s atom model.

Answer 11

Solar system or Saturn ring model - negatively charged electrons orbiting around the large positive charge

Question 12

Describe Ernest Rutherford’s atom model.

Answer 12

Planetary model - negatively charged electrons orbit around the positively charged nucleus

Question 13

Describe Niels Bohr’s atom model.

Answer 13

Electron shell model - the electrons orbit around the nucleus in specific shells

Question 14

Describe James Chadwick’s atom model.

Answer 14

His model is identical to Bohr’s but the nucleus is shown to have neutrons along with the protons

Question 15

What did John Dalton discover about the atom?

Answer 15

He was the first to define an element as a pure substance containing no other substances

Question 16

What did JJ Thomson discover about the atom?

Answer 16

He discovered the electron

Question 16

What did Hantaro Nagaoka discover about the atom?

Answer 16

He refined Thomson’s model as he did not believe that negatively charged particles are embedded in the positively charged sphere

Question 16

What did Ernest Rutherford discover about the atom?

Answer 16

Contributed to the development of atomic theory

He also discovered the nucleus

Question 16

What did Niels Bohr discover about the atom?

Answer 16

Suggested that the electrons do not orbit randomly around the nucleus but instead move in circular orbits or electron shells

Question 16

What did James Chadwick discover about the atom?

Answer 16

He discovered the neutron

Question 16

What is the Quantum Mechanical Model?

Answer 16

Describes the atom as a negatively charged cloud of electrons surrounding a positively charged nucleus

Question 16

What are the columns in the Periodic Table called?

Answer 16

They are called groups or families

The elements in each group have similar properties

Question 17

What are the rows in the Periodic Table called?

Answer 17

They are called periods

As you move left to right you see an increase in the number of protons and electrons

Question 18

What is the atomic number of an element in the Periodic Table?

Answer 18

It shows how many protons (and electrons because they are equal) are found in the nucleus of 1 atom of that element

Question 19

What is the Atomic Mass of an element on the Periodic Table?

Answer 19

The total mass of the protons and neutrons. | Electrons are so tiny that their mass has little effect in the total mass of the atom

Question 20

What is the mass number in an element on the Periodic Table?

Answer 20

You round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number

Question 21

How do you find the number of neutrons in one atom of an element?

Answer 21

Mass Number subtract the Number of Protons

Question 22

What is the staircase line on the Periodic Table?

Answer 22

Divides the metals on the left from the non-metals | Along the staircase line you find the metalloids (except aluminum)

Question 23

What are the properties of metals on the Periodic Table?

Answer 23

``` Generally solids Shiny Often a shade of grey Malleable and ductile Good conductors if heat and electricity Many will lose electrons to positive ions ```

Question 24

What are the properties of non-metals on the Periodic Table?

Answer 24

May be solids, liquids, or gases Usually dull A variety of colours Brittle Generally poor conductors of heat and electricity Many will gain electrons to become negative ions

Question 25

What are the properties of metalloids on the Periodic Table?

Answer 25

Are elements found along the staircase line | Have properties of both metals and non-metals

Question 26

Where do you find the atomic number in the Periodic Table?

Answer 26

The top left corner

Question 27

Where do you find the atomic mass in the Periodic Table?

Answer 27

Underneath the element name

Question 28

In what group would you find the alkali metals?

Answer 28

Group 1 | Not including Hydrogen

Question 29

In what group would you find the alkaline earth metals?

Answer 29

Group 2

Question 30

In what group would you find the halogens?

Answer 30

Group 17

Question 31

In what group would you find the noble gases?

Answer 31

Group 18