Biological Influences

Question 1

The Lobes

Answer 1

Occipital, parietal, frontal, temporal, brainstem, cerebellum, corpus callosum

Question 2

Part of the Cerebral Cortex

Answer 2

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

Question 3

Left Hemisphere Characteristics

Answer 3

Language, writing, logical

Question 4

Right Hemisphere Characteristics

Answer 4

Drawings, problem solving, mapping

Question 5

Name the structures of the neuron

Answer 5

dendrites, axon, cell body, axon terminal, myelin sheath, schwann cell

Question 6

Describe the function of a dendrite

Answer 6

• fine extensions of the cell body

- receive information from other neurons

Question 7

Describe the function of a cell body

Answer 7

• contains the nucleus that controls the function of the neuron

Question 8

Describe the function of an axon

Answer 8

• transmits information from cell body to other cells

Question 9

Describe the function of an axon terminal

Answer 9

• u3d

Question 10

Describe the function of myelin sheath

Answer 10

• fatty substance that protects the axon and assists with transmission of nerve impulses.

Question 11

Describe the function of a schwann cell

Answer 11

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Question 12

Summarise the case study of Phineas Gage

Answer 12

• severe brain injury to a foreman on the railroad for a construction site
• a spark from the tamping iron ignited the powder causing the iron to be propelled at high speed straight through the skull
• change in personality was noticed

Question 13

What does CAT stand for

Answer 13

Computerised
Axial
Tomography

Question 14

Describe CAT

Answer 14

• a technique that produces a computer-enhanced image of a cross section
• involves moving an X-Ray source in an arc around the head

Question 15

What does MRI stand for

Answer 15

Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging

Question 16

Describe MRI

Answer 16

• uses magnetic fields and radio waves to vibrate atoms in the brain to produce an image

Question 17

What does PET stand for

Answer 17

Positron
Emission
Tomography

Question 18

Describe PET

Answer 18

• uses a radioactive tracer to enable production of a computer-generated image
• provides information about the brain structure

Question 19

Limitations of a PET scan

Answer 19

• less detailed than fMRI

- more expensive than fMRI

Question 20

What does fMRI stand for

Answer 20

Functional
Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging

Question 21

Describe fMRI

Answer 21

• shows which brain areas are active during a task

- identifies smaller areas of the brain

Question 22

Limitations of a CAT scan

Answer 22

• only shows brain structure not activity

Question 23

What does EEG stand for

Answer 23

• electroencephalogram

-

Question 24

Describe EEG

Answer 24

• used to investigate the whole brain

Question 25

Limitations of an EEG scan

Answer 25

- doesn't provide information about particular parts of the brain

Question 26

Limitations of a MRI scan

Answer 26

- can't be used on people who have metal objects in their body

Question 27

Two halves

Answer 27

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Question 28

What are the 3 types of neurons in the CNS and their functions?

Answer 28

- motor - impulses away from CNS - sensory - impulses toward CNS - connector - pass impulses from sensory to motor neurons

Question 29

Define Medulla Oblongata

Answer 29

- helps the heart rate and blood pressure

Question 30

What is the Hindbrain responsible for?

Answer 30

- breathing, blood flow and balance

Question 31

What are the main parts of the Hindbrain?

Answer 31

- medulla - cerebrum - pons

Question 32

Define Pons

Answer 32

- organises reflexes that are more complex

Question 33

Define Cerebrum

Answer 33

-

Question 34

What are the main parts in the Midbrain?

Answer 34

- Sensory switchboard | - Reticular formation

Question 35

What is the Midbrain responsible for?

Answer 35

- located above the brainstem, connects the forebrain and hindbrain -

Question 36

Define sensory switchboard

Answer 36

- receives and processes sensory information

Question 37

Define reticular formation

Answer 37

- redirects stimuli to the cerebral cortex

Question 38

What is the Forebrain responsible for?

Answer 38

- deals with higher functioning activities

Question 39

Define thalamus

Answer 39

- send motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex

Question 40

Define hypothalamus

Answer 40

- link the nervous system

Question 41

Define cerebral cortex

Answer 41

- the outside layers of the cerebrum

Question 42

Define corpus callosum

Answer 42

- holds the two hemispheres together and sends messages to each

Question 43

What are the main parts of the forebrain?

Answer 43

- thalamus - hypothalamus - cerebral cortex - corpus callosum

Question 44

Define association areas

Answer 44

- collects information from other brain structures

Question 45

Strengths of a CAT scan

Answer 45

- radiation is harmless | - clearer image than an x-ray

Question 46

Strengths of EEG

Answer 46

- provides general information

Question 47

Limitations of a fMRI scan

Answer 47

- can't be used on patients with pacemakers

Question 48

Strengths of a fMRI scan

Answer 48

- more highly detailed

Question 49

Describe the frontal lobe

Answer 49

- planning and voluntary control - damage: - lack of eyesight - changes in personality

Question 50

Describe the Parietal lobe

Answer 50

- responsible for sensations - damage: - reduction in bodily feelings

Question 51

Describe the Occipital lobe

Answer 51

- responsible for vision - damage: - blind spots

Question 52

Describe the Temporal lobe

Answer 52

- responsible for hearing, language and memory - damage: - disruption of spoken language

Question 53

Strengths of a PET scan

Answer 53

- detailed images of the brain (thinking, reading, speech)

Question 54

Strengths of an MRI

Answer 54

- more detailed and clearer than CT scans